الفهرس 
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Abstract
Introduction: Antibiotics are prescribed for treating bacterial infections. However, Excessive use of antibiotics leads to the development and spread of multidrug resistant bacteria, currently regarded as a global public health crisis threatening our ability to treat common infectious diseases.
Aim of the work: To analyze the use and prescribing patterns of antimicrobials by physicians at Ain-Shams University Specialized Hospital (ASUSH) for inpatients among different infections and to determine the prevalence of different types of bacterial resistance.
Subjects and methods: A cross- sectional study was conducted at (ASUSH). A total of 339 microorganisms isolated from several samples types were identified and studied using VITEK® 2 system. Physicians’ attitudes and knowledge were assessed using a questionnaire about antibiotic resistance problem.
Results: Among (339) bacterial isolates Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common isolate n=92 (27.1%), followed by E-coli n=60 (17.7%), Staph coag –ve (SCONs) n= 43 (12.7%) and Methecillin resistant staphylococcus aureas (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumanni n=33 (9.7%) for each. In this study, the majority of physicians had good knowledge about the antibiotic resistance meaning and the magnitude of that problem.
Conclusion: Strategies for control of resistant bacteria should consider variations among sample types, wards, and antibiotic resistance variability. There is a need to specifically address staff training and communication procedures for infection prevention and control with respect to drug resistant bacteria.