الفهرس 
الفصل الأول: مدخل إلى الدراسةيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
 |  | from | 230 |  |  |
| | | from | 230 | | |
المستخلص
The field of special education has witnessed- in the recent times- a remarkable development in caring, training, education and rehabilitation of people with special needs, and working to provide all means that guarantee them better adaptation within society. Despite all this attention, the problem of caring and training persons with disabilities in general, and individuals with autism in particular is persisted. As the category of autism has raised and is still provoking great controversy, which reflects its impact on all scientific and research forums concerned with this disorder, especially the field of education and psychology. where autism is one of the most obscure developmental disorders, due to the lack of access to its real causes specifically on the one hand, as well as its patterns of non-adaptive behavior on the other hand.
The child with autism suffers from deficiencies in three theories, which are the theory of executive functions, the theory of central interconnection, and the theory of the mind, and the most important of them is the theory of executive functions which shows that children with autism have deficiencies in the process of planning, organization, flexibility, and stopping inappropriate response and conversing in problem solving, The insufficiency of executive jobs is also a manifestation of the disability of an autistic child.
Programs based on sensory integration are preventive programs that contribute to protecting autistic children from the difficulties that may occur during development, as they help to control oneself both emotionally and physically, and thus develop self-confidence and develop relationships with peers, so sensory education is re-learning In several areas, including the physical image, emptiness, and muscular visual support, these areas prepare for the child with autism, improving attention, discovering himself and his own awareness, and thus discovering the environment around him and forming relationships with the surrounding things and interacting with them, and this contributes to his knowledge of the world and contact with him.
The Problem of the study:
The results of many studies confirmed that children with autism suffer from a significant deficiency in functions of executive functions compared to ordinary children or others with disabilities who are of the same mental ages, and this deficiency is the main cause of autism, and it is directly related to their repetitive behaviors or stereotyped behaviors, Also The deficiency of executive jobs for children with autism disorder makes them face great difficulties in planning, organizing, working memory and other functions; this deficiency is what leads to emergence of repeated behaviors and weak social communication to them. The results of these studies also showed that deficiency of executive functions is one of basic characteristics that distinct autism.
Through extrapolation of previous research that studied children with autism, the researcher noted that most of these studies dealt with the linguistic aspect, speech, behavioral problems or the social aspect, but there is a scarcity in researches that dealt with the development of some executive functions that enable them to conform and adapt to the surrounding environment and self-organization such as initiation, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and stop responding.
Also, the scarcity of studies that used sensory integration with children in this category. Therefore, the researcher made several field visits to the school of intellectual education in the governorate and a number of rehabilitation centers to determine the most important executive jobs that need to be developed for children with autism, and after doing a set of interviews with parents of children with autism, the researcher made a study on developing skills of executive jobs for children with autism spectrum disorder through a training program based on sensory integration.
Therefore, this study attempts to answer the following main question:
What is the effectiveness of a training program based on sensory integration in developing some skills of executive jobs for children with autism spectrum?
There are a number of sub-questions branched from this question as follows:
1. Are there differences between the experimental group scores in the pre and post measurements on the scale of executive functions for autistic children?
2. Are there differences between the experimental group scores in the two Dimensional and consecutive measurements on the scale of the executive functions of autistic children?
3. Are there statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the members of the experimental and control groups in the dimensional measurement on the scale of executive jobs?
4. Are there statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the members of the control group in the pre and post measurements on the scale of executive functions?
Objectives of the study:
The current study aimed at:
1- Knowing the effectiveness of a training program based on sensory integration in developing some skills of the executive job for children with autism spectrum disorder.
2- Ensuring on the effectiveness of using sensory integration in developing executive job skills for children with autism spectrum disorder.
3- Knowing the continuity effectiveness of the used training program.
The importance of the study:
The importance of the current study is illustrated by these points:
First: The theoretical side:
1. This study derives its importance from the topic, which is concern for the problems of people with special needs because they are part of the community.
2. The current study can be considered one of the contributions in the field of developing executive jobs for autistic children.
3. This study helps benefit those who are interested in the field of autistic children in developing some skills by using sensory integration.
Second: The applied side:
1. Benefiting from the results of the study in preparing programs to develop executive jobs for other groups.
2. Decreasing some of other problems among autistic children related to executive jobs.
3. Realizing the importance of the training program in developing executive jobs, whether for special or ordinary persons.
4. Developing the skills of executive jobs for autistic children through the sensory integration program.
Methodology of the Study:
The current study followed the experimental approach, and the procedures of pre and post measurement on the experimental and control groups, where it tried to verify the effectiveness of a training program based on sensory integration in developing some of the executive job skills of children with autism spectrum disorder, and the study variables can be determined as follows:
1. The independent variable: It is the training program based on sensory integration.
2. The dependent variable: It is the executive functions that includes (proactive - response stopping - cognitive flexibility - working memory).
Procedural limits of the study:
Spatial limits: The training program sessions were implemented at Cayan institution and Irada institution for children with Special Needs in Beni Sueif Governorate.
Time limits: The researcher applied the training program during the period from (1/9) to (17/11) for a period of two and a half months, every week that includes four sessions, and the session duration was (45-60) minutes.
Human limits: The current sample of the study consisted of (12) children with autism spectrum disorder from the Irada Center for People with Special Needs in Beni Suef Governorate, and Kayan Center for People with Special Needs, and their ages ranged between (6-9) years, with an average age of (7.7) year, and a standard deviation (1.13), they were divided into two experimental groups, one (6) and the other (6).
Tools of the study:
The researcher used the following tools:
1. Stanford-Binet Scale of Intelligence Fourth Image (Arabization and Legalization / Louis Kamel Malika, 1998).
2. Autistic Child Diagnostic Scale (Prepared/Adel Abdullah, 2003).
3. The scale of executive job skills (prepared by the researcher).
4. The child’s primary data collection form (prepared by the researcher)
5. Training program based on sensory integration (prepared by the researcher)
Hypotheses of the study:
There are statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the members of the experimental group in the pre and post measurements on the scale of the executive functions in favor of the dimensional measurement.
There are statistically significant differences between the mean scores for the members of the experimental and control groups in the dimensional measurement on the scale of executive positions in favor of the experimental group.
There are no statistically significant differences between the mean scores for the members of the experimental group in the two dimensional and consecutive measurements on the scale of executive functions.
There are no statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the members of the control group in the pre and post measurements on the scale of executive functions.
Statistical methods:
The statistical methods that were used to reach the results of this study were the following non-parametric methods:
Mann-Whitney test (U).
Wilcoxon test(W).
The value of Z.
Results of the study:
The study reached the following results:
There are statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the members of the experimental group in the pre and post measurements on the scale of the executive functions in favor of the post measurement.
There are no statistically significant differences between the mean scores for the members of the experimental group in the post and successive measurements on the scale of executive jobs.
There are statistically significant differences between the mean scores for the members of the experimental group and the control group in the dimensional measurement on the scale of executive jobs in favor of the experimental group.
There are no statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the members of the control group in the pre and post measurements on the scale of executive functions.
Study abstract
Researcher name: Asmaa Mohamed Zain El Abidine Abdel Hamid
The title of the study: The effectiveness of a training program based on sensory integration in developing some skills of executive functions for the spectrum of autism.
Degree: Ph.D of Philosophy in Education, ”Mental Health”.
Study party: Department of Mental Health, College of Education, Beni Suef University.
Abstract:
The study aimed to develop some skills of executive jobs for people with autism spectrum through a training program based on sensory integration. The sample of the study consisted of (12) children with autism spectrum disorder (10 males - 2 females) from the Nour Al Hayat Association and the Irada Center for People with Special Needs in Beni Suef City. They were divided into two groups (6 children, an experimental group and 6 children, a control group) in the age group of (6) -9) Years, with an average age of 8,7 years, and a standard deviation (16,1). The study tools consisted of the scale of executive functions (researcher preparation) and the training program based on sensory integration (researcher preparation). The following statistical methods were used: Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney (U) to indicate the differences between the associated ranks, and all statistical treatments were done using the statistical program (SPSS).
The results of the study found that there are statistically significant differences between the mean levels of the members of the experimental group in the pre and post measurements on the scale of executive functions in favor of post-measurement, and the absence of statistically significant differences between the mean ranks of the members of the experimental group in the post-and-post measures on the scale of executive functions, And the presence of statistically significant differences between the mean scores for the members of the experimental group and the control group in the dimensional measurement on the scale of executive jobs for the benefit of the members of the experimental group.
key words:
Executive functions - sensory integration - autism spectrum disorder.