الفهرس 
Autism Spectrum DisorderOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
T
Summary
hiscasecontrolstudywasconductedtodetectthelevelsofcortisolandoxytocininsalivaandLactobacillusandBifidobacteriainstoolofautisticchildren,andtocorrelateIntestinalfloradysbiosisandlevelsofstressmarkerswithbodycomposition,behaviorandlaboratoryvaluesamongautisticchildren.
Sixty children were recruited. Thirty of them were autistic (26 males and 4 females), while thirty were normal children (12 male and 18 female). The age ranged from 5-8.5 yrs.
ChildrenwithASDwerediagnosedaccordingtotheDiagnosticandStatisticalManualofMentalDisorders,5thEdition(DSM-5),ChildhoodAutismRatingScale(CARS),aswellastheGilliamAutismRatingScale(GARS).Anthropometricmeasurementsweremeasured.BMIwascalculated.BehavioralassessmentwasdoneusingVinelandAdaptiveBehaviorScaleandBehaviorProblemsInventory(BPI).SalivaryCortisolandOxytocinlevelsweremeasured.Quantitativereal-timePCRwasusedtodetermineLactobacillusandBifidobacteriaconcentrationsinthestoolsoftheenrolledsubjects.
Theresultsrevealed,whencomparingAutisticchildrenwithnon-autisticchildrenasregardanthropometricparameters,thereappearstobestatisticallysignificantdifferencebetweentwogroupsaccordingtobodyweight,BMI,neckandwaistcircumferenceandsupra-iliacskinfoldthicknessbeinghigherinautisticchildren.
Autistic children were delayed than the control group in Communication, daily living, socialization and motor skills with a highly statistical difference. A significant negative correlation was found between these skills and self-injurious behavior.
The concentrations ofLactobacilli and BifidobacteriafoundinthestoolsofASDchildrenwerelesserthanneurotypicalchildrenwithstatisticalsignificantdifference.ASDchildrenhadhigherlevelsofsalivary Cortisolandlowerlevelsofsalivary Oxytocincomparedtocontrolgroupwithhighlystatisticaldifference,Pvalue(<0.001).
CARS and GARS were negatively correlated with Bifidobacteria concentration in stool of ASD children. Also, a positive correlation was found between salivary Oxytocin level and Bifidobacteria in stool of these children.
Conclusions
The results of the present study demonstrated significant difference between the body weight of autistic children and healthy control children and lower concentrations of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria in the intestinal tract of autistic children. The lower concentrations of these beneficial bacteria as a potential cause of autism can offer effective treatment modalities for these children, such as probiotics and Microbiota transfer therapy (MTT).
Thepresentstudyhasalsorevealedahighersalivary Cortisollevelandlowersalivaryoxytocinlevelintheautisticchildren.Oxytocin replacement canbeconsideredapromisingtherapyinthefuture.
Conclusions
T
he increased incidence of obesity observed in ASD isn’t related to gut dysbiosis. It may be related to other various risk factors including restricted physical activities, eating problems or previous exposure to antipsychotic medications.
Thelowerconcentrationsof the beneficialbacteriaLactobacillusandBifidobacteriainthe stool of ASD children asapotentialcauseofautismcanoffereffectivetreatmentmodalities to ameliorate the behavior of thesechildren,suchasprobioticsandMicrobiotatransfertherapy(MTT).
Thepresentstudyhasalsorevealedahighersalivary Cortisollevelandlowersalivary Oxytocinlevel(whichactsasabuffertorelievestress)intheautisticchildrenincomparisonwithmatchingtypicallydevelopingchildren indicating that Oxytocin replacement therapy might be a potential treatment to improve the social interaction and behavior of autistic children.
Recommendations
• A specified nutritional program should be included in our routine care of ASD children.
• Adaptive Behavior scores were well below the average across all 4 domains, indicating a need for lifelong intervention that targets adaptive functioning.
• Probiotics and Microbiota transfer therapy (MTT) can be considered a promising treatment modality for ASD children.
• Oxytocin replacement therapy may be a beneficial treatment to help improve the social interaction of autistic children but further studies should be done to study its efficacy and side effects.