الفهرس 
Introduction and Aim of the WorkOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Obesity has become a focus of great concern in developed countries. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2014, more than 1.9 billion adults aged 18 years and older were overweight. The increase in prevalence of overweight and obesity has become a major health care challenge for many countries. The recent data show that there are 107.7 and 603.7 of obese respectively between children and adults, what proves that obesity pandemic affects all age groups. Obesity leads not only to metabolic disorders such as diabetes and lipid disorders but also to hypertension. Obesity is a major risk factor for the onset of insulin resistance (IR), hyperinsulinemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) Management of weight loss based on diet, exercise and behavioral therapy are associated with poor long term results. Consistent data has proven that bariatric surgery offers an important and sustained weight loss along with significant amelioration/remission of T2DM. Bariatric surgery has been demonstrated to be the single most effective weight loss therapy available.Thus, bariatric surgery including LSG has amazing therapeutic effects not only for obesity but also for obesity-related diseases.LSG is associated with low risk, excellent short-term efficacy, a lesser amount of invasiveness, and lower complications Hence, the majority of laparoscopic surgeons prefer LSG as a stand-alone bariatric procedure. The effect of LSG is based on a restrictive mechanism, but a hormonal effect also seems to play an important role. Therefore the aim of this study was to assess the effect of sleeve operation for more obese patients (BMI> 40 kg/m2) on gastrointestinal hormone response as ghrelin and glucagon-like peptides-1 in serum pre- and post (6 months) laparoscopic sleeve gastroectomy surgery (LSG) using ELISA technique.