الفهرس 
Acknowledgment
AntibioticsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is extensively used in both human and veterinarian medicine. However, it is too often misused, resulting in several adverse effects on vital organs. Nowadays, there is a growing global trend to employ natural products in the management of many human health problems. Pleurotus ostreatus (P. ostreatus) is an edible mushroom that has been used in many ancient cultures as source of food and traditional medicine practice.
Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the adverse effects of Cipro intake on the hematological parameter, and some biochemical and histological structure of brain, kidney, liver, and testis of male rats. Also, study the chemical composition of the mushroom aqueous extract by GC-MS and its beneficial ameliorative effects of Cipro adverse effects on the studied organs.
Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) aqueous extract was prepared by boiling 25 gm in 500 ml dist. Water for 3 hours, cooled, filtered and concentrated by rotatory evaporator and the final residue was dissolved in definite volume of water. GC-MS analysis of extract indicated the presence of 56 different compounds that represent 73% of the total composition, and include phenols, short chain fatty acids, steroids, alcohols and other toxic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PHAs).
For the purpose of this study, a total of 24 adult male rats were randomly allocated into four groups (6 for each) as follows: control group, Cipro-supplemented group that received a daily dose of 50 mg/kg for two weeks, mushroom water extract group that was supplemented with a daily dose of 200 mg/Kg for two weeks, and Cipro+ mushroom-supplemented group that was treated with 50 mg/kg of Cipro for two weeks and followed by 200 mg/Kg for another two weeks. Collectively, the study continued for about 4 weeks.
Cipro caused significant increase in the RBCs count and significant reductions in the Hct , MCV, MCH, WBCs and differential counts (lymphocytes, and neutrophils) , however, elicited monocytosis and thrombocytosis in comparison to the control group. Treatment of rats with extract almost restored the changes that caused by Cipro.
In the brain tissue, Cipro caused a neurotoxic effect, firstly, through the induction of the brain oxidative stress via the significant increase in the LPO levels, as well as the significant depletion in the GSH levels compared to the control group. Also, Cipro caused non-significant increase in the AChE activity compared to the control group. Pathological results showed satellitosis, neurophagia, microgliosis and excessive formation of tau protein in the cerebral cortex, and marked decrease in the thickness of the pyrimidial layer as well as degeneration in the neurons in hippocampus. Treatment by mushroom extract of Cipro administration rats caused remarkable recovery relative to the Cipro treated group; since there were significant reductions in the AChE even when compared with the control. Also, significant decrease in the LPO level compared with the Cipro group. Besides, it significantly elevated the antioxidant contents in comparison to the Cipro and the control groups. But it caused a marked decrease tin the GSH content if compared with the control group. Histopathologically, brain showed apoptotic neurons and perivascular edema, besides pyknotic cells in cortex and pyramidal cell layer thickness of the hippocampus region was restored, also there was few numbers of degenerated cells and the perivascular edema.
In the renal tissue, Cipro significantly elevated LPO levels. Also, there was a mild rise in the serum urea, however, non-significant compared to the control group. However, the histopathological investigations showed more severe injury since Cipro administration induced acute kidney injury manifested in the cortical damage with interstitial inflammatory cells infiltration, necrosis, as well as degeneration in the glomerular tuft.