الفهرس 
Kidney anatomyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Reno-vascular disease is a complex disorder, the most common cause of which is RAS.Occlusive diseases of the renal artery can result in hypertension, renal dysfunction and ultimately renal failure. Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is responsible for secondary hypertension in 5% of adults and atherosclerosis is the most common etiology among elder population.Multi detector computed tomography angiography (MDCTA) plays an increasingly important role in the evaluation of the renal vasculature.Although conventional angiography is still regarded as the gold standard in renal vascular imaging, MDCTA is increasingly used as it is less invasive,easily applicable and available.MDCTA enables precise visualization of the normal and variant anatomy of several regions including the renal vasculature; however, the main draw backs of MDCTA are the exposure to ionizing radiation and the use of potentially nephrotoxic iodinated contrast material. As such, its use is limited in children and pregnant women and in patients with impaired renal function.