الفهرس 
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Abstract
The study was carried out during the period extended from September 2018 to February 2019 at El-Menoufia Governorate to investigate the presence of Listeria species in farm animals, food sources as well as aborted women. A total of 425 different samples were collected from farm animals, food sources and aborted women to determine the occurrence of Listeria species then compare the conventional method and the molecular method based on PCR for the identification of Listeria monocytogenes.
A total of 175 fecal samples were collected from different farm animals including; cattle (70), buffaloes (30), sheep (50) and goats (25) from some private farms of dairy animals and small holders. In addition, 100 milk samples were collected from 100 cows after washing of the udder. Also, various samples were collected from kariesh cheese, beef meat, hot dog and Nile Tilapia fish (25 samples/each). Moreover, 50 vaginal swabs were collected from 50 aborted women from El-Menoufia University Hospital and Shibin El-Kom Teaching Hospital. Data including manner of milk consumption and type of animal contact were recorded.
The obtained results in the current work showed the following:
• The overall rate of isolation of Listeria spp. from different sources throughout the work was 17.1, 26.5 and 16 % in farm animals, food products and aborted women, respectively.
• The results of isolation of Listeria spp. from faecal samples of farm animals showed that the highest rate was recorded in cattle (18.6%) followed by sheep (18%) then buffaloes (16.7%) and lastly goats (12%) with statistically significant association between these rates of isolation.
• Distribution of Listeria spp. isolated from fecal samples of cattle clarified the identification of L. monocytogenes (4.3%), L. ivanovii (5.7%), L. innocua (2.9%) and L. grayi (5.7%) with statistically significant association between these rates of isolation.
• Distribution of Listeria spp. isolated from fecal samples of buffaloes clarified the identification of L. ivanovii (6.7%), L. innocua (3.3%) and L. grayi (6.7%) with statistically significant association between these rates of isolation.
• Distribution of Listeria spp. isolated from fecal samples of sheep clarified the identification of L. monocytogenes (8%), L. ivanovii (6%), L. innocua (2%) and L. grayi (2%) with statistically significant association between these rates of isolation.
• Distribution of Listeria spp. isolated from fecal samples of goats clarified the identification of L. ivanovii (8%) and L. innocua (4%) with statistically non-significant association between these rates of isolation.
• The overall distribution of Listeria spp. isolated from fecal samples of farm animals clarified the identification of L. monocytogenes (4%), L. ivanovii (6.3%), L. innocua (2.9%) and L. grayi (4%) with statistically significant association between these rates of isolation.
• Isolation of Listeria spp. from different food samples revealed the highest rate of isolation was recorded in the examined samples of Nile Tilapia fish (40%), followed by beef meat (28%) then raw milk (25%), Hot dog (24%) and finally kariesh cheese (20%) with statistically significant association between these rates of isolation.
• Distribution of Listeria spp. isolated from raw milk samples clarified the identification of L. monocytogenes (2%), L. ivanovii (7%), L. innocua (5%), L. seeligeri (6%) and L. murrayi (5%) with statistically non-significant association between rates of isolation.
• Distribution of Listeria spp. isolated from kariesh cheese samples clarified the identification of L. monocytogenes (4%), L. ivanovii (8%), L. innocua (4%), and L. seeligeri (4%) with statistically significant association between these rates of isolation.
• Distribution of Listeria spp. isolated from beef meat samples clarified the identification of L. monocytogenes (8%), L. ivanovii (4%), L. innocua (4%), L. seeligeri (4%) and L. welshimeri (8%) with statistically significant association between these rates of isolation.
• Distribution of Listeria spp. isolated from Hot dog samples clarified the identification of L. monocytogenes (4%), L. ivanovii (8%) and L. welshimeri (12%) with statistically significant association between these rates of isolation.
• Distribution of Listeria spp. isolated from Nile Tilapia fish samples clarified the identification of L. monocytogenes (4%), L. ivanovii (12%), L. innocua (4%), L. gray (4%) and L. welshimeri (16%) with statistically significant association between these rates of isolation.
• Distribution of Listeria spp. isolated from aborted women samples clarified the identification of L. monocytogenes (4%), L. ivanovii (4%), L. seeligeri (2%), L. grayi (2%), L. welshimeri (2%) and L. innocua (2%), with statistically significant association between these rates of isolation.
• The effect of manner of consumption of milk products on the rate of isolation of Listeria spp. from aborted women revealed non-significant relationship although higher rate was observed in those informing that they had regular manner in consumption compared to those informing that they had irregular manner.
• Also, the effect of type of animal contact on the rate of isolation of Listeria spp. from aborted women revealed non-significant relationship although higher rate was observed in those informing that they had no direct contact with farm animals compared to those informing that they had direct contact with them.
• Finally, PCR was applied successfully to detect hylA gene in identification of isolates of L. monocytogenes.