الفهرس 
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Abstract
The study aimed to throw the light on the effect of some biostimulants as L-carnitine, Omega 3 and moringa olifera on progressive movement and livability presents , abnormalities, acrosomal intigrity of semen which cooled in refrigerator during different time periods and freezing by liquid nitrogen, in different extender to know the effect of these compounds on improving the properties of semen of rams and bucks.
This study was carried out at the farm of Theriology department. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Alexandria University Four healthy mature bucks of zaraibi breed and four healthy rams of barqi were used in this study, Their ages between 2 and 3 years and wights were (>35 kg) for bucks and (>75kg) for rams. The bucks and rams were kept under good clinical supervision in a open yard system separated from females. Semen samples were collected twice weekly for 2 months using Electro-ejaculator (Alfa Cox (Surgical) Lid, Edward Road, Coulsdon , Surry, CR3 2XA, UK) from both rams and bucks (Jimenez-Rabadan et al; 2012). Semen evaluation: was done through determination of sperm abnormalities (<17%), acrosomal integrity (>85) , % of sperm motility (>70%) and % of life sperms (>80%) and the other sample wase discarded.<The results concluded that:A-Ram semen:1-Cooling ram semen:-a-the results on the effect of cooling of ram semen on sperm abnormalities cleared that, the best treatment that decreased the sperm abnormalities was observed in moringa olefera extract followed by L-carnitine and Omega-3. While, the best dilution was tris based extender 10 %, followed by Egg yolk citrate diluent and the the higher abnormalities observed in tris based extender extender 2.5% and by increasing the cooling time there is increasing the percentage of abnormalities.
b-the results on the effect of cooling ram semen on acrosomal integrity cleared that, the higher acrosomal integrity observed in tris based extender 10 %, followed by tris based 2.5% extender and egg yolk citrate diluent , and it decreased in L.carnitine, followed by Omega 3 and increased in Moringa olifera.
Also the acrosomal integrity decreased with increasing the cooling time.
c- the results on th effect of cooling ram semen on progressive motility cleared that, the higher progressive sperm motility % observed in tris based extender 10 %, followed by tris based extender 2.5% and egg yolk citrate diluent , and it increased in Omega 3 and L-carnitine and decreased in Moringa olifera. also the progressive sperm motilty % decreadsed with increasing the cooling time.
d- the results on the effect of cooling ram semen on live sperm % cleared that, the higher life sperm % observed in tris based extender 10 %, followed by tris based extender 2.5% and egg yolk citrate diluent and it increased in Omega 3, followed by L-carnitine and Moringa olifera. Also the progressive life sperm % decreased with increasing the cooling time.
2-Freezing ram semen:-
a- While the results on the effect of freezing of ram semen on sperm abnormalities observed in tris based extender 2.5% than tris based extender 10 %.
Also, the higher sperm abnormalities % observed in moringa, followed by Omega-3 and L. carnitine.
b-While, the results on the effect freezing on on acrosomal integrity cleared that, the higher level of sperm integrity percentage observed in tris based extender 10 % than in tris based extender 2.5% and moringa and omega 3 treatment groups than the control groups.
Also, the lower sperm integrity percentage observed in L. carnitine treated group than the other treatment groups.
c- The results on the effect of freezing ram semen on progressive motility cleared that, cleared that, the higher level of sperm motility percentage observed in tris based extender 10 % than in tris based extender 2.5% and in moringa and omega 3 treatment groups than the normal and L. carnitine treatment groups.
d- the results on the effect of freezing on life sperm cleared that, the higher level of life sperm % observed in tris based extender 10% than in tris based extender 2.5% and in Omega3 and moringa treatment groups than the normal and L. carnitine treatment groups.
B-Buck semen:
1-Cooling buk semen:
a-The effect of cooling of buck semen on sperm abnormalities cleared that, the best treatment that decreased the sperm abnormalities was L-carnitine, followed by moringa olefera extract and omega-3.
While, the best dilution was tris based extender 10 %, followed by tris based extender 2.5% and the the higher abnormalities observed in tris based in eggg yolk citrate diluent and by increasing the cooling time there is increasing the percentage of abnormalities.
b- The results on the effect of cooling buck semen on acrosomal integrity cleared that, the higher acrosomal integrity % observed in tris based extender 10 %, followed by tris based extender 2.5% and egg yolk citrate diluent , and it decreased in moringa and omega 3 and increased in L-carnitine treated groups. Also the acrosomal integrity % decreased with increasing the cooling time.
c- the results on the effect of cooling buck semen on progressive motility indicated that, the higher progressive sperm motility observed in tris based extender 10 %, followed by tris based extender 2.5% and egg yolk citrate diluent , and it decreased in Omega 3 and increased in L-carnitine and Moringa olifera. also the progressive sperm motilty % decreadsed with increasing the cooling time.
d- the results on the effect of cooling buck semen on life sperm %, cleared that, the higher life sperm % observed in tris based extender 10 %, followed by tris based extender 2.5% and increased in L-carnitine treated group followed by Moringa olifera and decreased in Omega 3 treated group than control one . Also the progressive life sperm % decreased with increasing the cooling time.
2-Freezing buck semen:
a- While, the results on the effect of freezing of buck semen on sperm abnormalities cleared that, the higher level of sperm abnormalities observed in tris based extender 10 % than tris based extender 2.5%
Also, the higher sperm abnormalities observed in control group followed by omega 3 and moringa, followed by L. carnitine .
b-the results on the effect of freezing buck semen on acrosomal integrity cleared that, the higher level of sperm integrity percentage observed in tris based extender 2.5% than in tris based extender 10 % and and omega 3 and moringa treatment groups than control group.
Also, the lower sperm integrity percentage observed in L. carnitine treated group than the other treatment groups.
c-Effect of different treatments among different dilutions on progressive sperm motility cleared that, the higher level of sperm motility percentage observed in tris based extender 2.5 % than in tris based extender 10% and omega 3, moringa treatment groups than the control treatment groups while l-carnitine group lower than control group.
d- the results on the effect of freezing buck semen on on life sperm %, cleared that, the higher level of life sperm % observed in tris based extender2.5% than in tris based extender 10 % and in Omega3 increased than control group and moringa treatment groups then L. carnitine treatment groups.