الفهرس 
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the biological effect of two nano hybrid composite resins, Admira fusion flow (Ormocer composite resin) and Grandio flow (conventional dimethacrylate resin-based composite) on human gingival epithelial cells. Composite resins (CRs) selected were nanohybrid organic modified ceramic-based Admira Fusion flow (AF) and nanohybridBis-mythacrylate monomer Grandio flow (GF). 58 Discs, 6 mm diameter and 2 mm thick were constructed from the two type of CRs (n=29 for each). Human gingival epithelial cells (HGECs) were isolated from healthy patients and then incubated with the two types of the CRs discs for 24 h, 48h, 72h and one week. Wells containing cell suspension with no material’s discs served as control group. MTT and trypan blue assays were performed to assess the cytotoxicity of CRs on HGECs. The surface roughness of the discs was measured. Assessment of the micromorphology was done using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The chemical analysis of CRs surfaces was also investigated by energy disperse x-ray analysis (EDS). All results were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS software program. Both types of CRs showed decrease cell viability when compared to the control group. AF revealed less cytotoxicity than GF in all time periods with highly significant difference. Surface roughness values of AF was lower than GF values. EDS analysis detected silicon, barium and aluminum percentages higher in AF while carbon and oxygen percentages were higher in GF with a detection of iron element only in it.