الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present work was carried out to evaluate the microbiological quality of deboned turkey meat from retailed outlet in Gharbia province via determination of Total bacterial count (TBC), total coliforms count (TCC), and isolation and identification of Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli.
This study was carried-out A total of 100 freshly slaughtered Turkey carcasses samples including; thigh and breast muscle (50 samples of each), were collected from local markets of Gharbia province.
All samples were transported in chilled state to the laboratory of animal health research institute Tanta branch immediately. Samples were subjected to microbiological investigations, PCR – analysis and bacterial sensitivity to various different antibiotics.
Our results concluded that: -
1-Our results on bacteriological counts cleared that, total bacterial counts showed a higher level of total bacterial counts in thigh muscle (5.9×108) than the breast muscle (2.5×106).
While, the total coliforms count showed a higher level of total coliforms counts observed in thigh muscle (9.9×106) than the breast muscle (2.8×105).
The E. coli counts showed the higher incidences of E. coli count observed in thigh muscle (32 %) than the breast muscle (56 %).
The Salmonella counts showed a higher incidences of salmonellae count observed in breast muscle (26 %) than the thigh muscle (44 %)
While, the higher level of Staph. aureus counts observed in thigh muscle (46 %) than the breast muscle (63 %).
2-Our results on the PCR results cleared that, the PCR for detection of E. coli the Photograph of agarose gel electrophoresis of multiplex PCR Gave positive results for stx1 at (614 bp), stx2 at (779 bp) and for eaeA (890 bp) genes for characterization of Enteropathogenic E. coli. The higher incidences of Enteroppathogenic E. Coli genes observed in stx1 (4 %) followed by stx2 (5 %) and eae A gene (1 %) (Table, 10).
While, the PCR results of Salmonella Spp cleared that, the agarose gel electrophoresis of multiplex PCR cleared that, the genes for salmonellae includes stn (260 bp), hilA (497 bp) and fimH (1008 bp) virulence genes for characterization of Salmonella species. The genes responsible for pathogenicity of salmonellae includes stn observed in (3 %) of examined samples, followed by hilA (4 %) and fimH 85 %) of examined samples.
While, our results on the Staphylococcus aureus cleared that, the Photograph of agarose gel electrophoresis of multiplex PCR of genes responsible for pathogenicity of E. coli includes sea (120 bp), seb (478 bp), sec (257 bp) and sed (317 bp) enterotoxin genes for characterization of S. aureus. The lanes of positive S. aureus strains gave positive results for sea gene, seb gene, sec and sed genes.
The results cleared that, the S. aureus enterotoxins A showed a higher level (25 %), followed by enterotoxin B (12.50 %), and the mixed enterotoxin strains (A and C ) (12.50 %) and enterotoxin (C , D ) (12.50 %) and 37 % of the examined samples gave –ve results for enterotoxin stap. Aureus.
3-Our results on the Antibiotic resistance test cleared that, the Antibiotic sensitivity of E. coli showed that, a higher sensitivity to antibiotics of Ciprofloxacin (CP), Gentamicin (G), Nalidixic acid (NA) and Oxytetracycline (T).
While, the antimicrobial resistance profile of E.coli strains cleared that, the antimicrobial resistance profile showed a higher level in E. coli servors O78 in which its profile were S, EN, OX, CN, E, C, N, AM, K, SXT, T, NA, G, CP and its MAR index was 1, folowed by O1 : H7 serovars as its MAR index was 0.786 and its profile were S, EN, OX, CN, E, C, N, AM, K, SXT, T. Followed by O91 : H21 serovars as its MAR was 0.50 and its profile was S, EN, OX, CN, E, C, N, followed by O78 serovars as its MAR reached to 0.357 and its profile S, EN, OX, CN, E.
While, our results on the Antibiotic drug resistance of salmonellae cleared that, the salmonellae showed a higher sensitivity to antibiotics of Gentamicin (G), Ampicillin (AM), Ciprofloxacin (CP) and Kanamycin (K).
While, our results on the Antimicrobial resistance profile of Salmonellae strains cleared that, the antimicrobial resistance profile showed a higher level in S. Kentucky in which its profile were E, CN, S, NA, T, OX, EN, C, SXT, N, AM, CP, K, G and its MAR index was 1, folowed by S. Typhimurium serovars as its MAR index was 0.857 and its profile were E, CN, S, NA, T, OX, EN, C, SXT, N, AM, CP.
While, our results on Antibiotic sensitivity for S. aureus cleared that, a higher sensitivity to antibiotics of Oxacillin (OX) (75%), Cephalothin (CN) (62.5 %), Erythromycin (E) (62.50 %), Ciprofloxacin (CP) (50 %).
while, our results on Antimicrobial resistance profile of S. aureus strains cleared that, the antimicrobial resistance profile showed a higher level in S. auteus profile of N, S, SXT, K, NA, C, T, G, AM, EN, CP, E, CN, OX as its MAR index was 1, folowed by S. aureus serovars profiles of N, S, SXT, K, NA, C, T, G, AM, EN, CP, E, CN as its MAR index was 0.928, followed by S. aureus profile of N, S, SXT, K, NA, C, T, G, AM, EN, CP, E as its MAR index was 0.857. Followed by S. aureus profile N, S, SXT, K, NA, C, T, G, AM as its MAR was 0.643. The lower resistance observed in S. aureus of profile N, S, SXT, K, NA, C, T, G as its MAR reached to 0.571. The lower resistance observed also in s. aureus of profile N, S, SXT, K, NA, C as its MAR reached to 0.429. while, in S. aureus profile of N, S, SXT, K showed a lower MAR as its value reached to 0.286 and in the S. Aureus profile N its MAR reached to 0.071.
The average Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index for antimicrobial resistance for S. aureus servors was 0.598.