الفهرس 
Hyperemesis GravidarumOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) is one of the most common disorders during pregnancy. The symptoms appear prevalent during the first trimester, although some of patients can continue throughout the whole pregnancy and can affect the woman’s quality of life. However, a small percentage (0.3% - 2%) of women develop a severe form of NVP called hyperemesis gravidarum.(1) Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) describe more severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Women with HG often vomit every day and may lose more than 5 % of their pre-pregnancy body weight. In most cases, women with hyperemesis gravidarum become dehydrated and may evolve vitamin and other nutrient deficiencies.(1,2) The term ‗hyperemesis gravidarum‘ is likely to appear firstly in the medical literature in 1898, although reports on NVP date back to ancient Egyptian era; the first death from vomiting in pregnancy was reported in 1706.(2) Numerous studies have illustrated the association of HG with low birthweight, preterm birth, and small-for-gestation age infants.(3) Additionally, few retrospective studies have also reported behavioral disorders in offspring of patients with HG.(4) This disease is both physically and psychologically debilitating for the mother, if not adequately managed, HG can lead to electrolyte disorders, malnutrition, end-organ damage, and Wernicke‘s encephalopathy in severe cases.(5).