الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The original work of the thesis is subdivided into five main parts: Part 1. Preparation ZnO, ZnO/PVA nanoparticles: Were prepared using sol–gel method. A solution of Zn(CO2CH3)2•2H2O in 300 mL EtOH was stirred vigorously for 1 h. In another beaker, a solution of H2C2O4 was mixed with 200 mL ethanol, stirred for 1 h at 50°C, and added slowly to the previous solution. To prepare 5%, 7%, and 10% PVA/ZnO nanoparticles, a solution of PVA with different weights in 35 mL ethanol was added to a Zn(CO2CH3)2•2H2O solution and a precipitate was obtained using a H2C2O4 solution, as mentioned previously. Part 2. Structure characterization the synthesized catalysts using XRD, SEM, UV-vis and FT-IR: • X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that: All samples exhibited typical hexagonal structures• Scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that: SEM photos show that pure zinc oxide consists of hexagonal shape of ZnO combined with some irregular shapes • UV-Vis spectroscopy revealed that It`s a technique used to estimate bandgab energy for ZnO which corresponds to be 3.37 eV • Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that Synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles were analyzed using the FTIR spectroscopy technique to identify the functional groups present in the particles. Bandwidth of 1500–600 cm−1 showed zinc oxide nanoparticle fingerprint region. • non-aqueous potentiometric titration we were made this technique by using n-butyl amine in acetonitrile to determine the total number of acid sites in our prepared catalyst. • pyridine adsorption for ZnO/PVA it is considered as an effective method to determine Brönsted and Lewis sites according to nature of bonding. Part 3. Catalytic activity: Synthesis of 7-hydroxy-4-methyl coumarin (Pechmann reaction) and 3-methyl-1-phenyl-pyrazol-5-one (Aldol condensation reaction). Part 4. Degradation of Dyes: For ZnO doped PVA, 5PVA/ZnO is considered the optimum doping level to get the highest photo catalytic activity for RhB and MB while sample 7PVA/ZnO was the perfect sample which make degradation of methyl orange. Part 5. Biological activity: Evaluating the biological activity of ZnO on induced diabetic rats.