الفهرس 
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Abstract
The current investigation has been conducted to investigate the effect of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) aqueous leaves extract and powder on diabetic rats.
Thirty adult male white albino rats, Sprague Dawley Strain, 10 weeks age, weighing (150 ±10g) were used in this experiment. The experimental was done in the Faculty of Home Economics, Menoufia University, Shebin El-kom. Rats were housed in wire cages in a room temperature 25oC and kept under normal healthy conditions. All rats were fed on basal diet for 7 consecutive days. After this adaptation period, rats are divided into 6 groups, each group which consists of 5 rats as follows:
group (1): Negative control group – normal group (5 rats) in this group rats were kept on standard diet and tap water.
group (2): In this group, rats were induced by alloxan (150 mg/kg body weight), for a week to induce pancreas impaired according to the method described by Desai and Bhide, (1985), and fed on basal diet and used as a positive control group.
group (3): A group injected diabetic was fed on basal diet and lemongrass leaves as powder by 2.5% of the weight of the diet.
group (4): A group injected diabetic was fed on basal diet and lemongrass leaves as powder by 5% of the weight of the diet.
group (5): A group injected diabetic was fed on basal diet and lemongrass leaves as aqueous extract by 1% of the weight of the diet.
group (6): A group injected diabetic was fed on basal diet and lemongrass leaves as aqueous extract by 2% of the weight of the diet.
The experiment period was take 28 days, at the end of the experimental period (28 days), the blood samples were collected and serum was separated for determination of:
glucose levels, serum liver function (AST, ALP and ALT), kidney functions (urea, creatinine and uric acid), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL-c) low density lipoprotein (LDL-c) and very low density lipoprotein (VIDL-c) were assessed. The results indicated that tests plants improved glucose levels, liver functions, kidney functions and lipid profile. At the same time, the organs of rats (heart, kidney, liver, lungs and spleen) were carefully removed, washed in saline solution, dried between 2 filter papers and immediately weighted then the (liver and kidney) kept in buffered formalin solution (10%) for histopathological examination
Statistical analysis:
The data were statistically analyzed using a computerized costat program by one way ANOVA. The results are presented as mean ± SD. Differences between treatments at (P≥ 0.05) were considered significant.
6.1. Changes of body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) of diabetic rats fed diet supplemented with Lemongrass aqueous leaves extract and powder:
1. The body weight gain (BWG)% of negative control recorded the highest value when compared with positive control with significant differences.
2. The highest body weight gain (BWG)% value recorded for 2.5% lemongrass leaves powder, while 2% lemongrass aqueous leaves extract group recorded the lowest value with significant (P≤0.05) differences. There were no significant differences between negative control and 5% lemongrass leaves powder groups. Also, there were no significant differences between positive control and 2.5% lemongrass leaves powder groups.
3. As for feed intake (FI), the highest value recorded for positive control group compared with negative control group with significant (P≤0.05) differences.
4. The highest feed intake (FI) value recorded for 2.5% lemongrass leaves powder, while 2% lemongrass aqueous leaves extract group recorded the lowest value with significant (P≤0.05) differences.
5. Feed efficiency ratio (FER), the highest value recorded for positive control group, while negative control group recorded the lowest value with significant (P≤0.05) differences.
6. The highest feed efficiency ratio value recorded for 2.5% lemongrass leaves powder, while 2% lemongrass aqueous leaves extract group recorded the lowest value with significant (P≤0.05) differences. There were no significant differences between positive control and 2.5% lemongrass leaves powder groups. Also, there were no significant differences between negative control, 5% lemongrass leaves powder and 2% lemongrass aqueous leaves extract groups.
6.2. Changes of organs weight in the diabetic rats fed diet supplemented with Lemongrass aqueous leaves extract and powder:
1. The liver weight, the highest value recorded for positive control group compared with negative control group with significant (P≤0.05) differences.
2. For treated groups the highest liver weight value recorded for 2.5% lemongrass leaves powder, while 2% lemongrass leaves aqueous extract group recorded the lowest value with significant (P≤0.05) differences. There were no significant differences between and 5% lemongrass leaves powder and 2% lemongrass leaves aqueous groups.
3. For heart weight, the highest value recorded for positive control group compared with negative control group recorded the lowest value with significant (P≤0.05) differences. There were no significant differences between all treated groups.
4. The lungs weight, the highest value recorded for positive control group compared with negative control group recorded the lowest value with significant (P≤0.05) differences.
5. On the other hand, the highest lungs weight of treated groups recorded for 2.5% lemongrass leaves powder and 1% lemongrass aqueous leaves extract. And on the contrary, the lowest lungs weight of treated groups recorded for 5% lemongrass leaves powder.
6. For spleen weight, the highest value recorded for positive control group compared with negative control group recorded the lowest value with significant (P≤0.05) differences.
7. In case of treated groups the highest spleen weight recorded for 2.5% lemongrass leaves powder, while 5% lemongrass leaves powder recorded the lowest value with significant (P≤0.05) differences.
8. There were no significant differences between negative control, 5% lemongrass leaves powder, 1% lemongrass aqueous leaves extract and 2% lemongrass aqueous leaves extract. Also, There were no significant differences between positive control and 2.5% lemongrass leaves powder groups.