الفهرس 
Fracture femurOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Femoral fractures are the most common presentation in the Emergency Department (ED), and it can present as isolated injuries or as part of a polytrauma situation. To provide optimum pain management care to these patients, practitioners must be well prepared and current with utilizing modern evidence-based knowledge and practices. Additionally, trauma patients who present with multiple injuries, substance abuse, delayed care, as well as psychological and emotional issues complicate the care process. Providing the appropriate and timely pain management to trauma patients is not only the patient right, but also it prompts early healing, reduces patient‘s Stress Response (SR), shortens hospital length of stay, lowers costs, diminishes the risk of chronic pain due to neuroplasticity, and ultimately reduces the rate of morbidity and mortality Management of pain associated with fracture femur in emergency department has a critical role in satisfaction of patients and preventing further complications. Various physicians adopted different technique to achieve the same target, each of these techniques had their challenges. Numerous studies have compared methods to control pain in patients with fracture femur. One of these methods were to use opioids to help control pain on reduction of the fracture, fentanyl is considered one of the most potent opioids and due to their short life span have been widely used in short procedure such as fractur femur reduction and splinting. On the other hand, opioids can have major side effects such as apnea and a decrease in spo2 specially in critically ill patients, but in patients with history of drugaddiction or opioid use they will require other maneuvers to help control pain.