الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was aimed to analyze the macro-esthetics of the face and the micro-esthetics of the maxillary anterior teeth to establish the normative values of Egyptian adults, investigate the relationship between facial measurements and the mesiodistal width of maxillary anterior and teeth, investigate the relationship between face types and shapes, and detect any possible gender differences.
The sample consisted of 126 Egyptian dental students (63 males and 63 females) aged (18-24) years in the Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University. Each student was clinically examined, and then extra-oral and intra-oral photographs were taken.
The study included:
A. Frontal facial photographs analysis using Adobe Photoshop® CS5 program software including:
1. Facial landmarks (16 points).
2. Linear facial measurements:
Inter-zygomatic width (IZW).
Inter-canthal distance (ICD).
Interpupillary width (IPW).
Interalar width (IAW).
Mouth width (MW).
3. Vertical facial measurements:
Facial height (FH).
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Lower face height (LFH).
Upper lip vermilion (ULV).
Lower lip vermilion (LLV).
4. The face shape.
B. Intra-oral photographs analysis using Adobe Photoshop® CS5 program software, including:
1. The mesiodistal width of each of six anterior maxillary teeth.
2. Combined mesiodistal width CMDW.
3. Total maxillary anterior teeth width TAW.
4. The height of central incisors.
5. The height of the contact points between six anterior maxillary teeth.
C. Micro-esthetic appearances calculation using maxillary anterior teeth measurements including:
1. The Golden Proportion.
2. The Golden Percentage.
3. Tooth Proportionality-Height and Width Ratio.
4. Height of Contact Points Ratio.
D. Frontal views, showing smiling face, analysis using online VisagiSMile software which automatically classified the faces type into four categories:
1. Dynamic (Angular face).
2. Calm (Round or a square face).
3. Strong (Rectangular face with well-defined angles).
4. Delicate (Oval face with rounded features).
The results of the statistical analysis of data show that:
1. The mean values of all linear facial measurements were higher in males than females with statistically significant gender differences except for inter-canthal distance (ICD).
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2. The mean values of all vertical facial measurements were higher in males than females except for upper and lower lip vermilion (ULV, LLV) which were higher in females than males.
3. The mean values of mesiodistal width of the six anterior maxillary teeth (MDW), combined mesiodistal width (CMW) and, total anterior maxillary teeth width (TAW) were higher in males than females except for mesiodistal width of the right and left lateral incisors, which were higher in females than males.
4. The mean values of the height of contact points of anterior maxillary teeth were higher in females than males, while the mean values of the height of maxillary central incisors were higher in males than females.
5. Both genders have a higher golden proportion than the standard golden proportion (60%), the mean values of the golden proportion of maxillary canines were much higher in males than females. While for laterals, the mean values of the golden proportion were higher in females than males.
6. The mean values of the golden percentage of anterior maxillary teeth for both genders were lower than the ideal golden percentage (25%). Lateral incisors were ideal (15%). Furthermore, canine’s golden percentages were higher than the ideal golden percentage (10%).
7. In both genders, the mean values of the height of the contact point ratio between central incisors and between central and lateral incisors were lower than the ideal ratio (40% and 30%). On the other hand, the mean values of the height of the contact point ratio between lateral incisors and canines were higher than the ideal ratio (20%). In general, all findings regarding the height of the contacts point ratio were higher in females than males
8. In both genders, the mean values of Maxillary central incisors width to height ratio were higher than the ideal ratio, which is (80%). In general, all findings were higher in females than males.
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9. There were significant direct moderate correlations between the mesiodistal widths of right canine with inter-zygomatic width (IZW) and between mesiodistal width of left canine with inter-pupillary width (IPW) and inter-canthal distance (ICD).
10. There were significant direct moderate correlations between the mesiodistal width of the right lateral incisor with MW, CMDW with IPW and, TAW with IPW and ICD.
11. The mean value of the facial index on males was higher than females.
12. Regarding the face shape, the majority of males had hyperleptoprosopic faces, while the majority of females had leptoprosopic faces.
13. Regarding the face type, the majority of males have dynamic faces, while the majority of females have calm faces.
14. There were no significant associations between face shape and type in both genders.