الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 177 |  |  |
| | | from | 177 | | |
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. More than 700,000 new cases are diagnosed each year throughout the world and also unfortunately more than 600,000 deaths are attributed to HCC each year. Although the majority of the cases occur in Asia and Africa, the incidence has also been rising in the developed world. In the United States, the incidence has tripled over the last three decades with over 20,000 cases estimated to be diagnosed in 2011. The geographical variation in the incidence of HCC is explained by disparity in the prevalence of the major risk factors such as hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In contrast to most malignancies, the predisposing conditions and major risk factors have been clearly defined for HCC. By recognizing the risk factors for HCC, high-risk groups can be identified and followed with screening strategies. Following high-risk patients with screening and surveillance has the real potential to detect HCC early and improve patient outcomes. When HCC is detected earlier, patients are candidates to receive curative treatments such as liver transplantation (LT), surgical resection, or ablation. In recent years, there have also been some major advances in the treatment of advanced HCC.