الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was carried-out in at a private farm.
This study was aimed to, study the influences of different extenders on quality and fertilizing capacity of stallion semen and determine the best extender which affects the fertilization capacity of stallion semen.
6.1 Animals
Three healthy stallions aged 4-10 years and sixty mares aged 3-12 years were selected after the breeding soundness examination. All mares were with a good general physical condition without any his- tory of reproductive failures or disturbances. The external and in- ternal genitalia were examined using the rectal palpation and ultra- sonography to avoid any disturbance in the reproductive tract that might affect mare’s fertility.
All animals have housed individually in a private farm and fed pellets supplemented with berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum).
6.2 Semen collection and handling
Hanover model AV was used for the semen collection, in this trial.
The gel was removed immediately from the semen sample after semen collection using sterile gauze and then transferred to a water bath at 37 °C.
The semen volume was measured in a graduated cylinder. After that, the ejaculate was evaluated for general and progressive motility and sperm concentration.
Sperm concentration was determined assessed by using photometer SD1. and motility was subjectively by using phase contrast micro- scope (Olympus CKX 41; Olympus Optical Co., Tokyo, Japan) at 400 magnifications. One DROP of diluted semen (diluted with 2.9% Sod Citra dehydrate solution) was placed on glass side which were pre- warmed at 37 °C and covered by clean cover slip. At least 200 sperma- tozoa were selected randomly from a minimum of four microscopic fields to be examined. The mean of four successive estimations was recorded as the final motility Memon et al, (2011).
6.3 The semen extenders used in each group
6.3.1 BotuSemen (Botu-pharma ® USA)
Extender based on skimmed milk to transport cooled semen or preser- vation at 5 °C or 15 °C.
6.3.2 BotuSemen GOLD (Botu-pharma ® USA)
Extender based on caseins with addition of cholesterol. The tempera- ture of 5 °C or 15 °C can be used for semen cooled transport as well as for pre-freezing .
6.3.3 BotuSemen Special (Botu-pharma ® USA)
Extender based on skimmed milk with addition of Cholesterol.
6.3.4 BotuTurbo (Botu-pharma ®USA)
Extender based on skimmed milk with addition of Pentoxifylline which inhibits phosphodiesterase by increasing of APMc responsible for the control of ATP production.
This results concluded that:
1. Sperm motility: The higher sperm motility percentages were observed in Botu turbo extender (IV) 74.13 ± 1.15 , followed
by Botu semen special extender (III) 69.53 ± 1.34 followed by BotuSemen Gold 67.93 ± 0.97 and the lower motility percent- age observed in BotuSemen (I) 58.53 ± 1.53 .
2. Alive Sperm Percentage: The higher alive sperm percentages were observed in Botu turbo extender (IV) 77.00 ± 1.31, fol- lowed by BotuSemen GOLD extender (II) 73.07 ± 1.15 followed
by Botu-Semen Special extender (III) 71.47 ± 1.20 and the lower alive sperm percentage observed in BotuSemen (I) 65.40 ± 1.25.
3. Dead sperm percentage: The higher Dead sperm percentages were observed in BotuSemen extender (I) 34.60 ± 1.21, followed by BotuSemen Special extender (III) 28.53 ± 1.24 followed by BotuSemen GOLD extender (II) 26.93 ± 1.11 and the lower Dead sperm percentage observed in BotuTurbo (IV) 23.00 ± 1.25.
4. Conception rate: The higher Conception rate were observed in BotuSemen Special extender (III) 93.33%, followed by BotuSemen GOLD extender (II) and BotuTurbo extender (IV) 73.33% and
the lower Conception rate observed in BotuSemen (I) 53.33%.