الفهرس 
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Abstract
Forensic anthropology is the application of the science of physical or
biological anthropology to the legal process.
In the adult skeleton, sex determination is usually the first step of the
identification process. Subsequent methods for age and stature estimation are
sex dependent.
The mandible is the strongest bone in the human body and persists in a
well-preserved state longer than any other bone. Therefore, the use of
morphological features of the mandible is a common approach used by
anthropologists and forensic dentists in the determination of gender.
CBCT has made a revolution in the field of radiology. It permits 3D
vision of anatomical structure. It is characterized by less radiation dose and
cost than that of MDCT.
Therefore our study used CBCT to evaluate sexual dimorphism by
certain measurements of IAC and its foramina. One hundred male CBCT and
one hundred female CBCT were collected. Sixteen measurements (eight for
the right side and eight for the left one) were performed on each CBCT.
Two measurements for the mandibular foramen were taken on the axial
cut; the distance from the anterior border of the foramen to the anterior border
of ramus (AMaF) and the distance between the posterior border of the
foramen to the posterior border of ramus.
Four measurements of IAC were taken on the frontal cut; the distance
from the canal to the alveolar crest (SIAC), the distance from the canal to the
buccal plate of bone (BIAC), the distance from the canal to the lingual plate
of bone (LIAC) and the distance from the canal to the lower border of the
mandible (IIAC).
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Two measurements for the mental foramen were taken; the distance
from superior end of the foramen to the lower border of the mandible (SMeF)
and the distance from inferior end of the foramen to the lower border of the
mandible (IMeF).
The results revealed that all the measurements exhibited significant
difference between both genders except AMaF of both sides, PMaF of left
side and SIAC of both sides.from our study we can conclude that CBCT
radiography is efficient for making the proposed measurements and can be
considered as a method to determine gender from the skeletal remains.