الفهرس 
COVEROnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 83 |  |  |
| | | from | 83 | | |
Abstract
VII- SUMMARY
This study aimed to study the effect of wheat germ oil on the kidney and liver function in poultry through study its effect on liver and kidney enzymes.
This study was carried out at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University. Using a total of 24 Hubbard of 1600 – 1750 gm body weight and about 45 days old. The chicken were kept in clean house (6 chicken) per house. All birds were housed under the mentioned environmental condition and the basal diet for two weeks before experiment for acclimatization and to ensure normal growth and behavior. A total of 24 hubbard chicken were allocated into 4 equal groups (6 chicken ) per each group as follow:
group I : Served as control, kept on basal ration and water ad libitum
group II : Fed on Wheat germ oil (1/4 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed/daily).
group III : Fed on Wheat germ oil (1/2 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed/daily).
group IV: Fed on Wheat germ oil (1 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed/daily).
Our study concluded that:-
Wheat germ oil due to its high concentration of bioactive compounds also have a number of nutritional and health benefits such as reduction in plasma and liver cholesterol levels, improving physical endurance/fitness, and possibly delaying effects of aging. Cardiovascular complications are consider the major cause to the mortality of people and this disease is enhanced due to high level of cholesterol.
1-The Urea level showed a higher level of urea level observed in group 4 (1 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed) as its level reached to 26.10 followed by the group 3 (1/2 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed ) as its level reached to 26 and in group 2 (1/4 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed) as its level reached 24.38 , while, the lower urea level observed in control group 16.70.
2-The uric acid level , showed a higher level in control group as its level reached to 5.47 followed by the group 4 (1 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed ) as its level reached to 4.69 and in group 3 (1/2 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed) as its level reached 3.06 , while, the lower uric acid level observed in group 2 (1/4 gm wheat germ oil/kg feed).
3-Our results on the liver function cleared that, the higher level of AST observed in group 3 (1/2 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed ) as its level reached to 225.83 followed by the group 4 (1 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed ) as its level reached to 182 and in group 2 (1/4 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed) as its level reached 155, while, the lower uric acid level observed in control group 43.17.
4-While, our results on the ALT level cleared that, the higher level of ALT level observed in group 4 (1 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed) as its level reached to 21 followed by the group 3 (1/2 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed ) as its level reached to 21.13 and in group 2 (1/4 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed) as its level reached 18.33 , while, the lower ALT level observed in control group 16.50.
5-While, our results on ALP level cleared that, the higher level of ALP level observed in group 2 (1/4 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed) as its level reached to 312 followed by the group 3 (1/2 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed ) as its level reached to 307.67 and in group 4 (1 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed) as its level reached 289.87 , while, the lower ALT level observed in control group 254.67.
6-Our results on Creatinine level cleared that, the higher level of creatinine observed in group 3 (1 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed) as its level reached to 0.57 followed by the group 2 (1/2 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed ) as its level reached to 0.55 and in group 4 (1 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed) as its level reached 0.52 , while, the lower creatinine level observed in control group 0.49.
7-Our results on the total protein level cleared that, the higher level of total protein observed in group 4 (1 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed) as its level reached to 5.13 followed by the control group as its level reached to 4.50 and in group 3 (1/2 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed) as its level reached 4.07 , while, the lower total protein level observed in group 2 (1/4 gm wheat germ oil /Kg feed) 3.06.
8-Also, the results of Albumin cleared that, the higher level of albumin observed in group 4 (1 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed) as its level reached to 2.35 followed by the group 3 (1/2 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed ) as its level reached to 2.24 and in control group reached to 2.15, while, the lower albumin level observed in group 2 (1/4 gm wheat germ oil /kg feed) 1.89.
9-While, our results on Bilirubin level cleared that, the higher level of bilirubin observed in group 3 (1 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed) as its level reached to 0.49 followed by the control group 0.44 and in group 2 (1/4 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed ) as its level reached to 0.44 and the lower level of bilirubin observed in group 3 (1/2 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed) as its level reached 0.43.
10-While, our results on Ammonia level cleared that, the higher level of ammonia observed in group 3 (1/2 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed) as its level reached to 67.93 followed by the group 4 (1 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed ) as its level reached to 59.15 and in group 2 (1/4 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed) as its level reached 54.02 , while, the lower ammonia level observed in control group 34.
11-Our results on the Lipids levels cleared that, the Triglycerides level showed a higher level of triglycerides observed in group 2 (1/4 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed) as its level reached to 109 followed by the control group 103.67, group 3 (1/2 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed ) as its level reached to 95.53 and the lower triglycerides level observed in group 4 (1 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed) as its level reached 92.86.
12-Our results on the Cholesterol level cleared that, the higher level of cholesterol observed in control group as its level reached to 151.88, followed by group 3 (1/2 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed) as its level reached to 140.52, followed by the group 2 (1/4 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed ) as its level reached to 131.33, while, the lower level observed in group 4 (1 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed) as its level reached 116.27.
13-Our results on HDL cleared that, the higher level of HDL observed in group 2 (1/4 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed) as its level reached to 60.67 followed by the control group as its level reached to 59.33 and in group 4 (1 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed) as its level reached 55.75 , while, the lower HDL level observed in group 3 (1/2 gm wheat germ oil/Kg) 53.37.
14-Our results on VLDL cleared that, the higher level of VLDL observed in group 2 (1/4 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed) as its level reached to 21.83 followed by the control group as its level reached to 21.74 and in group 3 (1/2 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed ) as its level reached to 19.80, while, the lower VLDL level observed in group 4 (1 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed ) as it level 18.19.
15-Our results on the LDL cleared that, the higher level of LDL observed in control group as its level reached to 72.40, followed by group 4 (1 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed) as its level reached to 71.47 followed by the group 3 (1/2 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed ) as its level reached to 61.75 and in group 2 (1/2 gm wheat germ oil/Kg feed) as its level reached 61.75 , while, the lower LDLe level observed in group 2 (1/4 gm wheat germ oil / Kg feed).