الفهرس 
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Abstract
This thesis includes three chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, which covers the literature on the biological activities of some 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives as antibacterial, antitubercular, vasodialatory, antifungal, cytotoxic, hypolipidemic, anticancer and ulcerogen-ic. It also deals with diverse methods for the synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives from acid hydrazide or their hydrazones. The second chapter includes two parts, the first part we showed that oxadiazole ring annulation was performed by two different routes. The first route required cyclization of hydrazones using either acetic anhydride or concentrated sulfuric acid. The second one required cyclization of 2-hydroxybenzohydrazide with one carbon cyclizing agent such as aliphatic carboxylic acids, aromatic carboxylic acids, ethyl chloroformate, chloroacetic acid and carbon disulphide. 1H NMR and IR spectra were used to verify the structure of the isolated compounds. In the second part, we showed the synthesis of thiazolidinone, 1,3,4-thiadiazoles, pyrazole and 1,2,4-triazole using 2-hydroxybenzohydrazide. The structures of the isolated compounds were also confirmed using IR and 1H NMR spectral methods.