الفهرس 
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Abstract
The English Summary This thesis is interested in making a systematic study of Ancient Egyptian Ivories; to accurate identification of ivory types; to changing patterns of use overtime; to manufacture methods. This thesis divided into introduction, conclusion and three chapters; introduction shed light on the hippopotamus and the elephant as the ivory raw material sources. The 1st chapter discusses ivory throughout Ancient Egyptian history. The 2nd chapter shed light on ivory trade of both ivory types. The 3rd chapter discusses ivory working steps, techniques, tools and concentrates on scenes of ivory workshops and classifies ivory works; ceremonial and ritual, toiletry, furniture, magical, musical, and jewelry ivories.