الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in women. Adjuvant hormonal therapies with marked efficacy, lead to better prognosis and longer survival. Over three decades ago, TAM represents an efficient standard therapy of ER+ breast cancers. However, the development of resistance stays its main drawback. Several mechanisms were found to be related to the development of TAMR including a bi-directional cross talk between ER and other growth factors and their receptors, and cell cycle and apoptotic regulators.