الفهرس 
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Abstract
Gasoline is a volatile and inflammable petroleum-derived liquid mixture primarily used for internal combustion of machines. It is used extensively as fuel for cars, industrial solvent, pesticide and cleaning agent. it containing several organic, aromatic and inorganic compounds. Some of its constituents are highly carcinogenic to humans.
Gasoline is associated with a wide variety of dangerous health problems including respiratory diseases, liver diseases, kidney diseases, hematotoxicity, and cancer.
Fuel station is identified to play important roles in occupational exposures to gasoline.
This study was a cross-sectional case control study carried out on 150 males (100 males working in gas stations (cases) and 50 males didn’t work in gas stations (control)) in Sohag Governorate, in duration of one year from April 2019 to March 2020.
The study aimed to investigate the effect of gasoline on the kidney, the liver and hematological parameters of fuel station workers in Sohag governorate.
Ethical consideration was taken and the protocol was approved by ethical committee in Sohag Faculty of Medicine. Also, the objectives of the study were explained to the study and control group and the data will be used only for the purpose of the study and informed and written consents were obtained.
For every participant, the following data was studied:
1-Sociodemographic Data: age, residence & duration of work in the fuel station.
2-Full history including: history of any health problem, history of DM or hypertension, history of smoking, history of any medication, past history & family history.
3- Investigations: Complete blood count(CBC), liver function test (ALT, AST, Bilirubin, serum albumin and total protein) & kidney function (Urea and Creatinine).
The results were tabulated and statistically analyzed and revealed the following:
• Gasoline is associated with a wide variety of dangerous health problems including liver diseases, kidney diseases and hematotoxicity.
• Gasoline station workers at high risk for exposure to gasoline either by direct contact, inhalation of vapors, or accidental ingestion with food or drink.
• Gasoline exposure has a potential effect to induce hematological alterations.
• As regard hematological parameters: RBCs, hemoglobin and platelets count decreased in gasoline stations workers compared to the control group, but WBCs increased insignificantly in the workers.
• As regard renal function test: urea level increased in fuel station workers in a significant manner compared to control.
• As regard liver function, the study revealed that ALT & AST increased significantly in gasoline stations workers, total protein decreased significantly and serum albumin decreased insignificantly.
• There was statistical insignificant difference between cases and control total bilirubin and direct bilirubin level.
• The present study showed that, there was statistical significant relationship between age groups and all investigations done, so increase age of the workers is major risk factor for gasoline toxicity.
• There was a significant effect of residence on creatinine and ALT only.
• There was significant effect of smoking on (RBCs, WBCs, creatinine, urea, AST) only, and no effect on the rest of biomarkers (hemoglobin, platelets, ALT, serum albumin, total protein, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin). So, gasoline exposure has a potential effect to induce hematological alterations and renal affection among smoker workers than non-smokers.
• There was significant effect of diabetes mellitus and hypertension on all investigations done (hematological parameters, liver and kidney function). So, they consider a great risk factors for gasoline toxicity.
• There was relationship between the duration of work in benzene stations and (platelets, urea, AST, serum albumin & total protein), so duration of work in gas stations considered a risk factor.
• The study revealed that, there was significant positive correlation between the studied hematological parameters, kidney and liver function tests and ages in years of the workers of fuel station.
• Positive correlation for only ALT and duration of work in benzene stations per years, and negative for the rest hematological, liver and kidney parameters.
Recommendations
This study recommends that:
Gas station workers should wear protective or safety wears during work to avoid direct inhalation of the petrol fumes.
proper cleaning/washing of hands in work should be practiced before eating and drinking
Do regular monitor and follow up investigations for workers especially liver function test, renal function test & CBC to early minor liver function deterioration, renal function affection or hematotoxicity.
Do medical examination for workers regularly and save the result.
Use protective tools for workers in fuel station.
Health education and training programs should be carried out for the workers to increase their awareness of toxic hazards of gasoline and methods of protection.
Technical and legal processes that restrict the emission of gasoline vapors during storage and transit operations should be done.
Studies with larger sample size and regular follow up on various health aspect among those workers are required to get a better insight into the results.
Further studies are needed to investigate more biochemical changes in workers exposed to benzene and compare them with non-exposed ones (eg. organ functions. oxidative stress, and repairing pathways of biological molecules).