الفهرس 
Embryology of the BreastOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Oncoplastic breast conserving surgery is a modern surgical approach. It allows a surgical treatment that covers oncology and reconstruction aspects avoiding cosmetic sequelae. It is a varied surgery composing of many different modalities and techniques.
Appropriate surgical treatment of early breast cancer in the large-breasted woman who is a candidate for breast conservation therapy requires good knowledge of the basic mammoplasty techniques to deal with the various technical modifications needed for each individual case.
The challenge is to perform a resection wide enough to provide the most favorable oncologic control but not to remove so much breast tissue as to leave a deformed breast.
Although simple lumpectomy in macromastia patients may reach good cosmetic results, breast reduction of both sides improve symptoms such as back and shoulder pain and may thus improve the quality of life.
The indications for an inferior pedicle oncoplastic reduction are women with breast cancer who wish to preserve their breasts and have moderate-sized to large breasts with ptosis. A reduced breast will tolerate radiation therapy better than a large breast, and aesthetic results have been shown to be superior.
The inferior pedicle reduction mammoplasty is still very popular because of its well- recognized advantages. First, this technique can be utilized with almost all breast sizes. Second, it retains superior vascularity and sensibility in the NAC when compared to other techniques. Finally, because of the relative ease with which the technique can be learned and performed successfully, it is suitable for junior trainees.
The main drawback of the inferior pedicle technique is pseudo ptosis or ‘‘bottoming out’’ caused by descent of the breast tissue over time. Other technical disadvantages include time-consuming de-epithelialization, poor projection, and tension at the inverted T-junction point.
This thesis carried out on 15 female patients suffering from breast cancer with breast hypertrophy, patients were operated with triplicated inferior pedicle.
Oncoplastic breast conserving surgery is a modern surgical approach. It allows a surgical treatment that covers oncology and reconstruction aspects avoiding cosmetic sequelae. It is a varied surgery composing of many different modalities and techniques.
Appropriate surgical treatment of early breast cancer in the large-breasted woman who is a candidate for breast conservation therapy requires good knowledge of the basic mammoplasty techniques to deal with the various technical modifications needed for each individual case.
The challenge is to perform a resection wide enough to provide the most favorable oncologic control but not to remove so much breast tissue as to leave a deformed breast.
Although simple lumpectomy in macromastia patients may reach good cosmetic results, breast reduction of both sides improve symptoms such as back and shoulder pain and may thus improve the quality of life.
The indications for an inferior pedicle oncoplastic reduction are women with breast cancer who wish to preserve their breasts and have moderate-sized to large breasts with ptosis. A reduced breast will tolerate radiation therapy better than a large breast, and aesthetic results have been shown to be superior.
The inferior pedicle reduction mammoplasty is still very popular because of its well- recognized advantages. First, this technique can be utilized with almost all breast sizes. Second, it retains superior vascularity and sensibility in the NAC when compared to other techniques. Finally, because of the relative ease with which the technique can be learned and performed successfully, it is suitable for junior trainees.
The main drawback of the inferior pedicle technique is pseudo ptosis or ‘‘bottoming out’’ caused by descent of the breast tissue over time. Other technical disadvantages include time-consuming de-epithelialization, poor projection, and tension at the inverted T-junction point.
This thesis carried out on 15 female patients suffering from breast cancer with breast hypertrophy, patients were operated with triplicated inferior pedicle.