الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Eugenol on nonalcoholic fatty liver in rats after feeding rats a high fat diet. The experiment was carried out for 10 weeks. Forty white rats free of pathogens were used. Their age ranged between 8 and 10 weeks and their weight was between 100 and 140 grams. Forty mice were randomly divided into four equal groups as follows: group (1): control group: - Received a balanced diet and clean drinking water for 10 weeks. group (2): Fatty liver group-: received a balanced diet for 6 weeks, then animal fats were added. 6 grams of fat per mouse for 4 weeks, in addition to clean drinking water. group (3): Eugenol-: received a balanced diet and clean drinking water for 10 weeks. Eugenol was given at a total dose of 100 mg/kg/day dissolved in olive oil and given intraperitoneal injection in the last 6 weeks. group (4): fatty liver + eugenol -: received a balanced diet with animal fats and purified water for 4 weeks. Then eugenol was given at a total dose of 100 mg/kg/day dissolved in olive oil and administered by intraperitoneal injection for 6 weeks. At the end of experimental period (10 weeks), blood samples and liver tissue samples were collected from all animal groups (control and experimental) and subjected to biochemical analysis, histopathological examination in addition to gene expression analysis and measurement of antioxidant activity and oxidative stress levels in the liver. The results of this study resulted in a decrease in the mean final body weight, a significant decrease in enzyme activities, a decrease in the mean value of cholesterol, triglycerides, very low-density lipoprotein, total lipids, an increase in high-density lipoprotein, a decrease in the average value of plasma glucose, an increase in GSH levels and GR, GST and a significant decrease in Caspase 9 activity and reduced SREBP-1 expression in group 4 compared to diseased group 3 but no significant change in MDA level while it decreased in group 3. The pathological examination of the tissues of the liver section stained with hematoxylin and eosin for hepatitis showed sharp and transparent vacuoles that replaced the cytoplasm in the hepatocytes with the appearance of the signet ring of hepatocytes in group 2. In the groups treated with Eugenol 3 and 4, there was a significant improvement in the liver tissue. Histopathological examination of the liver tissue stained with Sudan ш showed the presence of a very dense orange spot for the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in the fatty liver group. The liver tissues of the Eugenol-treated groups showed moderate orange spots on the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes. In the NAS scoring system, steatosis, hepatocyte hyperplasia, degree of inflammation, and fibrosis index were significantly higher in group 2, all of them were significantly lower after administration of Eugenol in group 4.