الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia is a kind of hair loss that affects both males and females. It includes the gradual loss of pigmented terminal hair on the scalp due to hypersensitivity to circulating androgens. Feminine pattern hair loss is the name given to this kind of hair loss in women (FBHL).
It affects more than half of males above 50 and half of females at the age of 60. It typically starts between the ages of 12 and 40 in both sexes, and it affects more than half of males by the age of 50 and half of women by the age of 60. Polygenetic inheritance is a well-known pattern of heredity.
A three-level categorization according to the Ludwig scale is used in clinical assessment of AGA in females, with a general decrease of frontoparietal hair density, a maintained frontal hairline, and no crown alopecia.
Thinning is modest in its earliest, least extreme phase, and would be classed as Ludwig. Stage I indicates early fronto-parietal thinning, stage II suggests advanced fronto-parietal thinning, and stage III shows apparent thinning or near-baldness of this region with the hairline intact.
Androgenetic alopecia is a multifactorial disease with a family history and a polygenetic inheritance pattern including the 5-alpha reductase gene and two additional undiscovered genes on chromosome 3.21.
Androgens, particularly dihydrotestosterone (DHT), the 5-reductase enzyme responsible for the change of testosterone to 5-dihydrotestosterone, cause a regular advanced reduction in the length and calibre of genetically programmed hair follicles, resulting in androgenetic alopecia in both males and females.
This is known as miniaturisation, and it occurs when the anagen phase shortens and the size of the dermal papilla shrinks while the telogen phase lengthens. As the duration of the anagen phase is the primary hair length factor, the maximum length of new hair is short and no new hair reaches the surface of the skin. Furthermore, the time between telogen hair loss and anagen regeneration lengthens, resulting in a decrease in the quantity of hairs on the scalp.
Minoxidil, finasteride, spironolactone, dutasteride, and a combination of oestrogen and cyproteronacetate have all been studied for their possible involvement in individuals with androgenetic alopecia. Hair transplants, scalp reduction surgery, cosmetic aids, and low-level laser treatment are all options.
Minoxidil was first used to treat hypertension, but it was later developed as a topical therapy for hair loss (available in 2% and 5% solutions). Minoxidil induces vasodilation, angiogenesis, and increased cell proliferation, all of which are likely mediated by potassium channel activation. Contact dermatitis and transitory shedding are among the side effects seen during the first four months of usage.