الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Assess knowledge of older adults about preventive practices for UTI using tool IV. The time of interview ranged from 30 to 45 minute to be completed; it was depended on the level of understanding and cooperation of each older adult. It lasted nearly one month from 1/11/2020 to 30/11/2020.
The techniques of certain preventive practices of UTI, such as hygienic care and performance of exercises, were assessed by the researcher using tool V. This assessment was done by asking older adults to report the steps of hygienic care practices and types of exercises specific to UTI prevention.
- The proposed education nursing program was implemented in five (5) sessions once a week.The sessions were conducted in the waiting area of outpatient clinics; this area was prepared to be quiet, free from external noise, and overcrowding. The duration of each session was ranged between 30 to 45 minutes; each session was started by a summary of what was taught in the previous session and the objectives of the next session.
- Tool IV, V were measured by the researcher for each older adult immediately after finishing the proposed education nursing program sessions and measured again after 6 weeks.
- The effect of the proposed education nursing program was determined by comparing the results before and after application of the program.
- The data collection started from the first of November 2020 till the first of March 2021.
Statistical analysis:
The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was utilized for data analysis and tabulation. The level of significance selected for this study was ≤ 0.05
The main results obtained were as follows:
Part (I): Socio-demographic characteristics of the community- dwelling older adults
- The age of community-dowelling older adults, ranged from 60 to 87 years with a mean age of 68.31±3.09 years. Males were 52.0%, 64.0% of the study subjects were married.
- Regarding level of education, 50.0% of the study subjects were illiterate. Concerning community- dwelling older adults’ occupation before retirement, it was observed that 48.0% of the study subjects were housewives and the rest were either 20.0% employees, 18.0% had commercial work, or 14.0% had manual work. 82.0% of the study subjects didn’t have current work.
- The main source of income reported by 44.0 % of the study subjects were pension. About 60.0% of the study subjects reported that they had no enough income. As regards the place of residence, 80.0% of the study subjects were living in urban areas.
Part (II): Health history and physical condition of community-dwelling older adults
- More than one half (52.0 %) of the community-dwelling older adults had chronic medical disorders,65.4% of the study subjects had hypertension In relation to prescribed medication, and 65.4% of the community-dwelling older adults consumed antihypertensive drugs, followed by 61.5% used cardiovascular drugs. 53.8% of the study subjects consumed anti-inflammatory drugs.
- The majority (86.0%) of the study subjects had no previous history of UTI. Concerning previous urological surgeries, 90.0% of the study subjects reported that they had no urological surgeries.
- Regarding physical status of the study subjects, 94.0% of them had no hearing problems, and the rest had hearing problems and used hearing aids,88.0% of the study subjects had no visual problems, and 12.0 % suffered from visual problems and used eye glasses,and80.0% of the community-dwelling older adults walk unaided.
Part (III): Effect of education nursing program on preventive practices of urinary tract infection among the community-dwelling older adults
- It was appeared that there was a significant improvement in knowledge level of the study subjects along all areas of knowledge about UTI (X2= 154.43p= 0.000*).
- It was observed that there was a significant improvement in the practice level of the study subjects across all areas of practice regarding UTI (X2=150.00 P=00.000*).
- Six weeks post-program, the knowledge level and the practice level of the study subjects was slightly decreased but still better than its level prior to the application of the program.
- The proposed education nursing program had a high effecton the preventive practices of UTI among the study subjects (0.96) for knowledge and (0.91) for practice.After the application of the proposed education nursing program, the mean score of community-dwelling older adults’ knowledge level was (18.92 ± 1.747) in comparison to its mean score (4.520 ± 2.401) prior to the application of the program. Additionally, after implementing the proposed program, the study subjects’ practice level had a higher mean score (3.74 ± 0.89) than its previous mean score (0.36 ± 0.56).
Conclusion:
It can be concluded from the findings of the present study that the application of the proposed education nursing program was proved to be effective in enhancing the knowledge and practices regarding urinary tract infection (UTI) among community-dwelling older adults, with a large effect and observed statistically significant differences between the prior to and immediately after the program. This improvement has been regretted over time (six weeks later), but is still better than before.
The main recommendations suggested are:
I-Recommendations geared to community- dwelling older adults’
1- Educational materials in the form of a printed handout and colored brochures about the prevention of UTI should be designed and disseminated among community-dwelling older adults and their caregivers in all different health care settings, including residential homes, hospitals, and outpatient clinics. This helps older adults to follow the principles of preventive practices regarding UTI and increases older adults’ knowledge and skills required for self-care management.
2- A written UTI preventive practice guidelines should be developed by an interdisciplinary team including physicians, gerontological nurses, and other health care providers for handling UTI in home care services for older adults. These guidelines should be reviewed and updated regularly.
II- Recommendations geared to nursing staff
1- In-service training programs for nursing staff in inpatient units and outpatient clinics should be designed and delivered on a regular base to update their knowledge and improve their performance regarding UTI. The training should include the most recent approaches for preventing UTI, identifying its atypical manifestations, and its negative consequences on older adults’ health. This program can be offered online to save time during working hours.
III-Recommendations for future research
1- Study the effect of the use of complementary therapies such as cranberry juice on prevention and treatment of urinary tract infection among community–dwelling older adults.
2- Study the effect of self-care strategies on the quality of life of community-dwelling older adults with urinary tract infection.