الفهرس 
الفصل الأول: التعريف بالدراسةيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
Introduction:
The field of childhood is an important field that requires understanding and familiarity. Because it is the basic and important age stage in a person’s life, and in it the features of the personality are formed, so setting the necessary programs to take care of it and take care of it is a necessary requirement, especially since raising the level of services and social care for children has begun to achieve success in this field, where reliance on scientific research in the field of childcare has become an essential feature for this era.
Childhood is an important stage in the formation of the personality of the individual, and hostile behavior is one of the most prominent behaviors that spread at this stage, which is embodied in many appearances and images, it may be verbal, and it may be kinesthetic, and these two branches branch out several types.
Bullying among children began to appear to form a phenomenon in schools, and it began to affect the lives of children, and there are adults who were victims of bullying in many places in different forms and types, although the interest in the concept of bullying is recent because it dates back to the seventies in some European countries.
In the eighties in Japan, the thinking of researchers in Japan gained a great deal of attention, and their research results showed that a third of middle school students were victims of this type of violence, and by the year 2000 AD the issue of bullying occupied a high degree of interest in many countries such as England and other European countries. Also, interest in studying bullying behavior and studying its forms and causes has begun, and Smith believes that bullying has devastating effects that may reach the bully’s suicide or thinking about it, or family disintegration, introversion, depression, anger, and academic failure.
Late childhood problems extend in a way that requires professional intervention, and these problems extend to include problems such as bullying, failure to control behavior, fears, theft and lying. from the spread of manifestations of socially unacceptable violence and terrorist behavior in most societies of all levels.
Among the problems that occur and negatively affect our children, the so-called behavior of school bullying, which affects the student himself in all fields and his colleagues, and then on the school system in general, and this phenomenon has become more common in the era of globalization, the explosion of knowledge and the revolution in communication and information. Which makes it imperative for us specialists, researchers, teachers and parents to pay attention to this phenomenon.
School bullying is a phenomenon that many schools complain about at all educational levels. It is aggressive behavior that may take verbal, physical, or blackmail forms, and it is behavior directed from one child to another of his age or younger than him, and bullying may be practiced individually or It is collective and it may be present between males and females, but it is more widespread among males, and bullying is called bullying is a behavior acquired from the environment in which a person is present and it is a behavior that is dangerous for all parties participating in it, and in which a party exerts the forces of psychological, physical and sexual harm towards an individual weaker than In the physical or mental capabilities, and it is important to remove the irrational idea of many people that considers the boredom as a normal behavior among children, and it ends automatically without interference from anyone. Rather, the victims and bystanders suffer from psychological and physical problems and difficulties that affect their lives and their development.
Art occupies a prominent place in the treatment of behavioral disorders, artistic activities as a mediator through which the child expresses his feelings and thoughts, as he is unable to formulate his internal suffering, and expresses it openly through activity such as art and play, so art therapy is first a language and a means of communication for the free expression of children’s emotions in addition to To being a treatment method for many of their behavioral problems, among which is aggressive behavior as it shows how the child thinks, and to identify some of its features through their artistic activities in situations in which the aggressive behavior appears.
Art therapy is successful and useful for many individuals. Because it helps them to understand themselves, and self-insight is accomplished through artistic expression, and the insights that the individual achieves through art therapy have a benefit with individuals who are unable to communicate verbally, and who have difficulties expressing themselves with words, as it provides a way to bring out their thoughts, emotions and fears, And their imaginations, in the artwork.
Art provides opportunities for expression in which everything is anomalous, negative or positive, and all that is difficult to express in terms of imaginations and ideas safely, as it respects the freedom of self-expression as well as the freedom of expression, and engaging in work does not bring joy and happiness.
Based on the above, the bullying student has excess energy, and aggressive tendencies towards his colleagues, who can convert these aggressive tendencies and excess energy into works of art that are useful to him, and to society, and he finds approval and appreciation from the offenders instead of being punished for the aggression and sabotage that he performs. Psychologists in the field of arts to reveal the psychological connotations they carry that reflect their personalities with all the emotions, tendencies and desires they contain.
Problem of the study:
Among the issues that appeared on the arena of children’s issues, the problem of bullying that harms the child himself and those around him, the researcher noticed the aggressive behaviors of children in the school as there are some pupils who are righteous and like to feel strength over others and have a desire to bully, and this desire is strengthened through ideas and rumors About bullying through media institutions and films that depict the hero’s abilities, high skills, and bullying is a phenomenon directed from one child to another of his age or a little younger, and in this case the risk becomes greater, as the victims suffer from social isolation, rejection, persecution, lack of interest, as well as low academic performance.
Hence, the researcher’s interest in dealing with the role of art therapy with this group and the effect of artistic activities in modifying the undesirable behavior of students, hence the second aspect of the researcher to conduct this study, so the responsibility of those in charge of caring for the child necessitates them to seek effective means that can protect him and protect him from aggression There can be no doubt that these possibilities are permitted by the fields of the arts.
Research concerned with the arts and their use in children occupies a distinguished position, especially in recent times with the increased attention towards childhood and its problems.
Therefore, the interest of this study was to address the role of art with this group and the effect of these artistic activities in modifying the bullying behavior of elementary school students, and in light of this the research problem was formulated in the following questions:
(1) What is the level of school bullying among children of primary school pupils ”study sample?
(2) What are the differences in school bullying for elementary school students according to gender (males, females)?
(3) What is the effectiveness of a training program based on art therapy in reducing bullying among primary school pupils?
(4) Are there statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the pupils in the pre and post application of the bullying behavior scale for elementary school students?
(5) What is the continuity of effectiveness of a training program based on art therapy in reducing bullying behavior among primary school students?
Aims of the Study:
The current study aims to:
(1) Identifying the level of school bullying among the children of primary school students, the study sample
(2) Identifying the differences in school bullying for elementary school students according to gender (males, females)
(3) Identify the effectiveness of a training program based on art therapy in reducing bullying behavior among elementary school students.
(4) Tracking the continuity of the effectiveness of the art therapy program during the follow-up period (a month after applying the program).
Importance of the study:
The importance of the current study is evident through two aspects:
(1) Shedding more light on the problem of bullying in schools, and its psychological, social, academic and educational implications.
(2) Shedding more light on art therapy; Being a recent trend in psychotherapy.
(3) The current study contributes to reducing school bullying among elementary school students, through art therapy.
(4) Helping and directing the attention of specialists and those in charge of caring for elementary school pupils, to appropriate methods and solutions that can be used, to reduce school bullying through art therapy.
(5) The results of this study can contribute to directing the consideration of the importance of designing educational, therapeutic and training programs, especially in the school side, to deal with abnormal behaviors through art therapy methods and techniques.
Limitations of the study:
The results of the current study were determined by the pupils participating in the prospective study, who were randomly selected from the primary school pupils and their number (150) pupils in the primary school stage. To codify the study tools, and the basic study participants, who are (200) male and female students in the primary stage, and who (16) male and female students were selected to apply the art therapy program to reduce school bullying among primary school students, and with the experimental approach followed, and with the study tools represented in: the school bullying scale For elementary school students, and a program based on art therapy to reduce bullying among elementary school students, and with statistical methods used to verify the efficiency of measures, to test the validity of hypotheses, and to draw conclusions.
Results of the study:
The results of the study showed that the pupils of the study
sample achieved an average level on the school bullying scale, where the
value of the arithmetic mean of the total score of the school bullying
scale was (142.95) with a standard deviation of (56.80) and a percentage
of (57.18%). The results of the study resulted in differences between the
mean scores of the pupils in the study sample of Males and females on
the overall score of the school bullying scale in favor of males, the
presence of statistically significant differences between the mean scores
of the study sample of males and females at a distance (physical
bullying) in favor of males, and the presence of statistically significant
differences between the mean scores of the students’s study sample of
males and females at a distance (Verbal bullying) for the benefit of
males, as it resulted in the absence of statistically significant differences
between the mean scores of the study sample of males and females at a
distance (emotional bullying), and the results of the study also found the
effectiveness of the art therapy program in reducing bullying among the
members of the experimental group after The end of the program
sessions, and the continuity of its impact after a period of follow-up.