الفهرس 
contentsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 124 |  |  |
| | | from | 124 | | |
Abstract
The present study was carried out between July and October 2019 at the experimental fish farm,which belong to the Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University. This experiment was designed to study the effect of dietary supplementation with black seed (Nigella Sativa) and rosemary (Rosemaria officinalis) on growth performance, some blood constituents, and immune response in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), raised in a floating cage. Additionally, the same parameters were evaluated under oxygen deficiency conditions in metallicaquarium at the end of experiment.
A total number of 225 healthy fish were chosen and allocated into 15 equal replicates each of 15 fish; each 3 replicates were assigned to one of five dietary treatments (n = 45 fish each/ treatment) as follow: Control: fed on a basal diet; T1 and T2 fed on the basal diet incorporated 1% or 2% Nigella Sativa seeds; T3 and T4 fed on the basal diet incorporated 1% or 2% rosemary. After 2 weeks of adaptation period, the data collection started and continued for 12 weeks.
The most importand findings of this study can be summarized as follow:
1- Growth performance:
-The average body weight was insignificantly increased (P > 0.05) in body weight of T2 only, which increased by 2.25% as compared with that of the control group.
- Average body weight gain (ABWG) was higher in T1, T2, T3 and T4 by 113.6%, 196.7 %, 175.2%, and 135.2% respectively, than that obtained in the control group at the tweleveth week.
- There were no significant (P>0.05) differences in average body length and body length increment due to the N. sativa and rosemary treatments .The average of total body length was 21.98, 21.92, 22.33, 22.08, and 21.92 cm in the control, T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively at the end of the experiment.
- At the twelfth week, there were significant differences (P < 0.05) in k-value in T1, T2 and T3 versus those of T4 and control.
2- Mortality
There was no mortality in any of the experimental groups, where the survival rates were 100% in all of them.
3- Body indicies
- The supplemention with 2% N. sativa showed insignificantly (P > 0.05) higher value in HSI than that of the control.The dietary incorporation of 1% rosemary increased the HSI insignificantly (P>0.05) and that incorporated 2% rosemary increased it significantly (P <0.05) than that of the control.
- The gonado-somatic index for male (mGSI) decreased insignificantly (P > 0.05) in T1, T2, T3 and T4 as compared with that of the control group.
- Tthe dietary 1% and 2 % N. sativa, and 2% rosemary had insignificant (P > 0.05) effects on spleen somatic index (SSI), but the fish group fed 1% rosemary had a significantly (P < 0.05) higher SSI than that of the control.
4- Blood components
4-1- Hematological parameters
- The hemoglobin level insignificantly increased (P > 0.05) for T1, T2 and T3, but it increased significantly in T4 than that of the control group (P < 0.05) by 18.09%.
- The hematocrit (Hct %) values in T2, T3, and T4 were not affected significantly(P>0.05), but it decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in T1as compared with the control ones.
4-2- Serum constituents
- The serum total protein values were not affected by the treatments, but the fish group fed 2% rosemary (T4) showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) serum total protein value than that of the control group.
-The serum albumin and globulin did not show significant (P>0.5) differences between the treatments and the control group (P > 0.05), the highest albumin and lowest globulin values (P > 0.05) were recorded in T2 (2% N. sativa).
- The serum activity of alkaline phosphatse showed significant (P<0.05) differences among the experimental groups; the highest values were recorded in T2 and T4, followed by those of T1 and T3, and the lowest value was recorded in the control.
- The serum glucose concentrations were significantly (P< 0.05) higher in all treatments than that of the control group.
5- Stress experiment
The obtained results from the oxygen deficiency experiment showed that:
5-1- Fish behivor and mortality
5-1-1- Fish behivor
The control fish exhibited remarkable decreased activity at the beginning and the fish died with opened mouth at the end of the experiment. While, the fish groups fed diets with N.sativa and rosemary showed slightly abnormal behavior changes owing to oxygen deficiency.
5-1-2- Mortality
The mortality rate of O. niloticus exposed to oxygen deficiency mounted to 100%, 40%, 20%, 60% and 40% for C, T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively.
6-Blood components
6-1- Hematolgical parametres
The hemoglobin levels were not significantly (P > 0.05) altered by oxygen deficiency for all fish groups. While, the hematocrit Hct (%) levels increased significantly (P < 0.05) in T2, T3 and T4 as compared with T1.
6-2- Serum constituents
- The serum total protein concentrations in T2, T3 and T4 were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of T1.
- The concentration of serum albumin increased insignificantly (P>0.05) in fish group treated with 2% ( T2) N. Sativa as compared with other fish groups.
- The fish groups fed dietary rosemary 1% (T3) and 2% (T4) had insignificant ( P>0.05) higher globulin levels than the groups fed N. Sativa 1% (T1 ) and 2% (T2).
-The alkaline phosphatse had significant (P<0.05) differences among the treatments,where the values obtained in T2 and T4, were higher than those of T1 and T3 (P < 0.05).
-The concentration of serum glucose in T4 was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those obtained in T1, T2 and T3.
7- Body indices (HSI, SSI and GSI):
- There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in hepatosomatic index (HSI) of O. niloticus under oxygen deficiency for T1, T2 and T3 while it decreased in T4.
- The fish group fed 2% rosemary had insignificant increase (P>0.05) in spleen somatic index (SSI) and gonadosomatic index (GSI) comparing with the other fish groups.
Conclusion:
It could be concoluded that the useful using of both 2% N. sativa (T2) or 2% rosemary (T4) in the diet of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), which hadpronounced effects on some productive parameters and counteracting mortality rate of treated fish due to oxygen deficiency conditions.