الفهرس 
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Abstract
Background:
Antibiotics are the most commonly used drugs in healthcare centers worldwide. Using of them in the second half of the twentieth century constituted a major achievement in medical history, leading to the prevention, treatment and control of several fearful infectious diseases of the past, they also play a vital role in combating disease and maintaining health mostly in developing countries where infectious diseases are still a big problem. However, the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistant or multi-resistant pathogens globally in association with the unavailability of novel antibiotics is a public health threat.
Antibiotic misuse is a worldwide problem and is important due to the rapid development of resistance to a large number of antibiotics resulting in high morbidity and mortality; with implications for increased health care costs, failure of treatments, hospitalization and clinic visits.
Unnecessary or inappropriate antibiotic use in the community strongly contributes to the emergence of resistant pathogens. Thus, the limitation of unnecessary antibiotic use or misuse has become a public health priority globally.
Aim of the study:
This study was conducted to access knowledge, attitude and practice of women in a rural area in Minia Governorate regarding the use of antibiotics for their children and identify factors affecting misuse of antibiotics and antibiotics resistance.
Subjects and methods:
This study is a community-based sectional study among women with children of rural area in Bani Mazar city, Minia, during the period from March 2020 to September 2020 after taking a verbal consent. Approval of The University Ethical Committee was taken. Approval of the
Ministry of Health and Population beside approval of the mayor of the local village in the previously mentioned village were taken. An interview questionnaire was made and included: socio-demographic
characteristics of the participants, knowledge of antibiotics, attitude towards antibiotic use, perception of public education and practice towards antibiotic use.
Results:
The mean age for all the studied women were (28.5±5.9) years, knowledge was good in 11% of women, fair 82.4% and poor in 6.6%, more than half (54.8%) of the studied participant had fair attitude while only 18.8% were good and poor in 26.4%, While more than three-quarters (79.8%) of the studied participant had fair perception while only 20.2% were good. Regarding practice more than three-quarters of the studied participant (89%) had fair practice while only 11% was good perception.
Education, professional/clerk, number of children and age of the oldest child were significant with good knowledge. While, Income was significant with poor knowledge, While other factors were not significant. Education, household income and occupation had significant effect on level of attitude of women. Number of children, age of first child, education, number of children and household income had significant effect on practice.
Recommendations:
This study highlights the need for:
1.Multi-educational program for women regarding non-
prescribed antibiotics by describing negative effect of non-
prescribed antibiotics on the children health through primary
healthcare facilities as maternal and child health centers.
2. Pharmacists should not give any antibiotics without a prescription.
3.Strategies to improve knowledge about antibiotics and antibiotics resistance.
4.MOH should take actions in order to make people aware about the health hazards of high consumption of antibiotics and antibiotics resistance.