الفهرس 
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Abstract
The presented thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, which includes a survey of the literature reports on the biological roles of carbohydrates. Occurrence of deoxy sugars such as L-fucose and its chemical synthesis via D-glucose, methyl -L-rhamnoside, D-mannose and D-galactose are also reviewed. Oligosaccharide synthetic methods are also reported with some emphasis on the most common strategies employed in coupling reactions. Also, trehalose type disaccharides, their natural occurrence, role in nature and their synthesis from starch are reviewed. Moreover, some chemical modifications of ,-trehalose are cited.