الفهرس 
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Heat stressOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Introduction
To meet the recently rapid development of the poultry industry to provide enough food and nutrition needs globally, the urgency to improve broiler chickens’ performance within hot regions, especially in developing countries like Egypt, is on the rise. Heat stress induces multiple physiological disturbances (immune dysregulation, endocrine disorders, and electrolyte imbalance), reduces productivity, and increases the welfare problems. Ajwa date is the fruits of the female tree Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). It is very commonly consumed in Egypt, Arab countries and many other parts of the Middle East. This fruit contains valuable amounts of carbohydrates, salts, minerals, dietary fibers, vitamins, fatty acids, amino acids, and protein giving the fruit significant nutritional value. This fruit has many useful properties including antioxidant, anticlastogenic, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, anticarcinogenic, antibacterial and antifungal activities. In addition, the ethanolic and watery extracts of date fruit were useful in reducing the severity of nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity and gastric ulceration via antioxidant mechanisms
Date syrup (debis) is prepared by keeping Date fruit pieces in water overnight, then boiling the mixture for 2 hours followed by filtration. Another method includes mixing the fruits with ethanol 80% and extraction is carried out for 30 min at 80 °C followed by filtration
Overall hypothesis:We hypothesize that supplementation of Date syrup in drinking water is a novel alternative for preventing oxidative stress and stress-induced negative effects on chickens exposed to heat stress.
Objectives and aims:To determine
1) The effect of Date syrup on performance behavioral exhibition, microbial populations and physiological changes in broiler chickens reared under high environmental temperature and
2) The economic effects of using the Date syrup to reduce heat stress effects.
Experimental design:
Date syrup “Dibs” was added to water as liquid obtained from Al Tahan Company, Al Wadi El Gadid, Egypt. Date syrup “Dibs” was added to ordinary drinking water and served to birds daily to keep its chemical purity and prevent the oxidation process. The experiment was carried out with 4 supplementary water treatments. Each treatment included 4 replicate cages (10 birds / cage). The experimental groups were as follows; birds of treatment 1 (control) were supplemented with a basal water only, and birds of treatment 2 to 4 were supplemented with the water contained date syrup at 1 ml/L, 4 ml/L, or 8ml/L, respectively. Water was provided by nipple drinkers attached to automatic water line supporting all cages
Result
Behavioral activities:
The results showed that the addition of 1 ml / liter, 4 ml / liter of date syrup in the drinking water of broilers led to an increase in the percentage of feeding behaviors, which was much higher than the rest of the groups. On the other hand, there were no significant changes in the rest of the behaviors studied.
performance:
The results showed that adding date syrupto the drinking water of broilers at a dose of 1 ml / liter and 4 ml / liter led to an increase in the mean final body weight and weight gain significantly compared to the molasses group 8, while the differences were not significant compared to the control.In addition, the results showed that adding date syrup to the drinking water of broilers at a dose of 1 ml / liter and 4 ml / liter led to a significant increase in food intake compared to the control and molasses groups of 8 ml / liter.The results also showed that there was no significant change in the ratio of food conversion between groups. It also showed that adding molasses to the drinking water of broilers at a dose of 1 ml / liter led to a significant increase in the relative weight of the spleen compared to the rest of the groups.Adding date syrup in the drinking water of broilers at a dose of 1 ml / liter, 4 ml / liter led to an increase in the values of smell and taste compared to the rest of the groups.
Physiological indicators:
The results showed that adding date syrup to the drinking water of broilers at a dose of 1 ml / liter and 4 ml / liter led to an increase in the percentage of total protein and levels of total antioxidants in the blood compared to the rest of the groups, and also the level of uric acid in the blood increased significantly for both groups 1 ml / liter and 4 ml / liter compared to the 8 ml / liter group, while there were no significant changes between the date syrup group and the control group.
The results showed that the addition of date molasses in the drinking water of broilers during the summer season did not affect glucose, albumin, globulin, albumin / globulin ratio, corticosterone, calcium, phosphorous, calcium / phosphorous ratio and avian influenza titer HI in the blood.
Bacterial analysis:
The results obtained showed that the groups of 4 ml / l and 8 ml / l of date syrup showed a significant decrease in the total number of microbes compared to the control group. While the decrease in the total microbial number in the 1 ml / liter group was not significant compared to the control group
Leg bones:
The results showed that the addition of date syrup in the drinking water of broilers did not affect the percentage of moisture, bone ash, leg length, leg width, or femur width, while the results showed that femur bones were significantly longer in the 4 ml / liter group compared to the control group.