الفهرس 
Review of the LiteratureOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Dental implants are frequently used to replace missing anterior teeth, teeth loss due to trauma, or teeth removed due to unfavorable restorative conditions. The process of tooth replacement by means of a dental implant and a crown is diverse and it relies on a complex array of clinical and pragmatic factors.
The marked alterations after tooth extraction appear to be attributable to the loss of periodontal ligament and the consecutive trauma in particular at the buccal bone plate. Thus, it can be assumed that root retention may have an influence on the occurring resorption process.
With the root submergence technique (RST), submucosal root retention can virtually eliminate bone resorption. Based on this concept, the retention and stabilization of the coronal and buccal bundle bone and the retention of the periodontal membrane by retaining a coronal tooth fragment (so-called “socket shield”), including adequate blood supply, can be expected.
The aim of our present study was to provide the clinical and radiographic evidence that supports the necessity of placing a graft material in a gap left between the shield and the implant or