الفهرس 
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Abstract
Introduction: Scoliosis comes from the Greek Word “skoliosis” meaning crooked. It is a complex three dimensional deformity of the spine characterized by a lateral deviation of at least 10 degrees with a rotation of the vertebra and usually associated with reduction of normal kyphotic curvature of the spine. The overall prevalence of AIS is 0.47% to 5.2% in the current literature . AIS commonly affect girls with a female to male ratio of 1.5:1 to 3:1. This ratio increases substantially with increasing age, 90% of the presentation will show a right-sided thoracic curve. This classification was introduced to help surgeons in determining the extent of spinal instrumentation. The vast majority of patients initially present due to a deformity. This may be a perception of asymmetry about the shoulders, waist, or rib cage noticed by the patient, a family member, the primary care physician or a school nurse. Asymmetry of breasts might be the first thing noticed by female patients. Aim of the work To discuss three dimensional surgical techniques used for correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, evaluating their feasibility, efficacy and safety. Patients Study design: Inclusion criteria: Age between ten and eighteen years. Cobb Angle >40 ° Exclusion criteria: Age less than ten or more than eighteen years. Cobb Angle <40 °. Associated congenital anomalies. Contraindication of anasaethia. Coagulopathy. Methods History taking: Age- Sex- Clinical presentation Examination & assessment Vital signs- Neurological examination Pulmonary function test Height of the patient Shoulder level- Pelvic level Patient grading on admission (clinical and radiological) Lenke Classification Investigations Whole spine X-ray: AP, lateral and lateral bending films CT dorsolumbar spine Procedure Three dimensional surgical correction of idiopathic adolescent scoliosis using screw-rod technique. Outcome at discharge Cobb angle. Height of the patient Shoulder level- Pelvic level Follow up Radiologic follow up by X-ray every 3 months for 1 year with special interest for shoulder level and coronal balance. Results Analysis of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) with curve more than 45° treated with posterior spinal fusion (PSF) and minimum 1-year follow-up shows a success rate of 83% in all lumbar curves and in 79% of thoracic curves.