الفهرس 
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Abstract
ABSTRACT : For many years, the standard treatment for metastatic bladder cancer was cisplatin. The main cause of treatment failure is the resistance to cisplatin. Resistance to cisplatin remains the main obstacle to prevent clinical treatment and cause of patients’ poor prognosis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) and their effect on genes that can be targeted by the three miRNAs and their role in chemoresistance to differentiate between responding and non-responding patients. Samples were collected from muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) patients who received 4 cycles of cisplatin after cystectomy, the expression of miR-21, miR-143, miR-155, and their target genes (VEGF-C, AKT, and DMTF-1) were assessed in tumor bladder tissue sample. The results of this study suggested miR-21up regulation, decrease miR-143 and increase miR-155 expression and their target genes; increase VEGF-C, up regulation of AKT and down regulation DMTF-1; may play a vital role in chemoresistance and can be a cause of disease recurrence.