الفهرس 
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Abstract
Dissertation Abstract : Drug addiction is control over the use of drugs, using drugs compulsively and with craving, using them for purposes other than for medical reasons, and continuing to use them even if aware they may be causing harm. Drug misusing means taking the medicines in a different way than the health care provider prescribed. Drug abuse and addiction have negative consequences for individuals and for society. The aim of the present study is to identify the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of three types of drugs: Tramadol (phenylpiperidine opioid analgesic), Fluoxetine (SSRI) & Calmepam (anti-anxiety agent) with three concentrations from each drug using chromosome aberrations bioassay : Tramadol (200, 400, 600 mg), Fluoxetine (SSRI) (20, 60, 80 gm.), Calmepam (3, 6, 18 gm.). Cytotoxicity effect studied by using chromosome aberrations bioassay including mitotic index (MI), phase index (PI) and % of total abnormalities (TAb) ; genotoxicity studies by using biochemical was represented profiles by using molecular through RAPD and ISSR techniques and finally the genomic template stability (GTS%) was calculated for each treatment.