الفهرس 
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Abstract
Embryo transfer (ET) provide good tool to increase breading efficiency of mare. The use of Ringer Lactate to flush the donors and good program to synchronize recipient decrease the cost. The possibility of conducting the whole procedures in farms, further decrease the expenses of the procedures.
In this study we evaluated the effect of work environment on the result of embryo transfer in Arabian mares. 28 mares ranged from 1.8 to 12 year divided into 2 groups. 1) Farm group (Gr I): where the embryo transfer conducted under the farm environment. 2) laboratory group (Gr II): where the embryo transfer conducted in hospital. All mares were in good body condition except 3 mares suffered from poor body condition as a result of sever musculoskeletal disease.
Two different flushing media, Ringer Lactate solution or phosphate buffer saline were used in flushing the mares at day 7-9 from donor ovulation.
The donor inseminated with fresh or frozen semen or served with natural covering. One mare from the lame mare inseminated with modified technique to prevent back flow of the semen. The synchronization window was +2 to -5.
The embryo recovery rate in this study was 58.9%. In Gr I the recovery was lower (47.5%) comparing with Gr II (87.5%). While the difference in recovery rate is highly significant, the 12-day pregnancy between the 2 group was non-significant. Maiden mere is a good candidate for embryo collection which gives the highest recovery rate 77.8%, while in pluriparous was 50%.
Embryo recovery with PS was higher than RL, 83% versus 56%, which was statistically non-significant (P > 0.05). The lame mare that inseminated with the modified technique gave 2 embryos while the 2 other mare failed to provide any embryos.
from the previous results we can recorded that maiden mares provide higher embryo recovery, LR could replace PS without decreasing recovery rate. hospital environment provides more controlled working condition. However, the procedures could conduct in farm environment without decreasing the pregnancy outcome. Mares with musculoskeletal work environment for problematic mare where the insemination controlled and ovulation could determine precisely.
These donors must be treated for endometritis. Presence of infection when the mare under progesterone dominance may develop chronic endometritis and threaten the reproductive carrier of the mare. Unless the procedures are justified, infected uterus must have treated before embryo collection.
Flushing donor mare with endometritis could result in transferable embryo but necessitate prompt treatment for inflamed uterus under progesterone dominance. To decrease the risk of infection we inject all donors with 250 µg cloprostenole after flushing.
Only one double ovulation detected in our study. This reflects the breed deference. Arabian horse gives lowest level of double ovulation while other breed like thorough bred give high rate of double ovulation. This low level of double ovulation affects the recovery rate in Arabian breed.
from this study we can concluded that:
- Maiden mares give higher embryo recovery rate than pluriparous.
- Ringer Lactate solutions could be used as flushing media instead of Phosphate buffer saline solution.
- Conducting embryo transfer in hospital gives embryo recovery rate higher than conducting the procedures in equine farm however the pregnancy rate is not different in both situations.
- Mares with musculoskeletal disorder could extend their reproductive carrier by embryo transfer after they were unable to carry foals to term.
- No difference in embryo recovery between fresh and frozen semen were detected.