الفهرس 
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Abstract
Infertility is a world-wide problem in reproductive health and is growing more in developing countries. According to WHO, it is defined as the inability of a sexually active, non-contracepting couple to achieve pregnancy in one year. More than 10 - 15% of couples affected during reproductive years and male factor infertility is the cause of up to 50 % of the cases.
Patients in this study were divided to two groups:
group (A): 48 patients with non-obstructive azoospermia.
group (B): 48 normospermic subjects as a control group.
Patients were subjected to history taking, serum FSH, LH, prolactin and testosterone level measurement, semen analysis, TESE and testicular histopathological examination and highest Johnsen score calculation.
We found that there is upregulation of miRNA 181a FC expression in seminal plasma in infertile non-obstructive azoospermic patients in contrast to normal control group.
Furthermore, miRNA 181 a upregulated with a fold changes 2.1 in infertile non-obstructive azoospermic patients in contrast to normal control group.
Moreover, we found that miRNA181a was significantly correlated with age, TESE results Johnsen score and histopathological patterns, but there was no statistically significant relation between miRNA181 a FC and smoking and hormones as FSH, LH, Prolactin and Testosterone levels.