الفهرس 
Introduction & RationalOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In 2005, the American Urological Association Nephrolithiasis Clinical Guidelines Panel recommended percutaneous Nephrolithomy as first-line treatment for the management of staghorn calculi. New endourological techniques have led to treating staghorn calculi with more effective and less invasive methods. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the outcome of different renal surgeries and PCNL for staghorn stones.
Adult patients with partial or complete staghorn stone(s), normal renal function, no active UTI, skeletal deformities or other contraindications for surgery were included in this study .There were 60 participants with staghorn stones; 30 patients (50%) had open surgery; anatrophic nephrolithotomy (11 pt.) or extended pyelolithotomy with or without multiple nephrotomies (19 pt.) respectively and 30 patients (50%) had PCNL. Variables of age, sex, group, intraoperative and postoperative complications, operation time, and duration of hospitalization were examined. Complications were compared and the probability of group differences reported.
Patients treated with PCNL had a significantly shorter mean hospital stay of 4 days when compared with a hospital stay of 12 days following open surgery (P = 0.038).The need of auxiliary procedure was 23.3% for open surgery and 46.6% for PCNL (P=0.651).Fever occurred in 56.6% in open surgery 36.6% of PCNL. The stone-free rate