الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary and conclusion
Dental caries is a post-eruptive disease characterized by a progressive
demineralization process that affects the mineralized dental tissues. The
classic treatment of dental caries is to remove the affected tooth structure and
replace it by a restorative material. The remarkable progress registered in
caries diagnosis tools, technologies, and restorative materials has led to
ultraconservative, minimally invasive approach in decay treatment with
preservation of dental hard tissues. In this context, preparation of hard dental
tissues was attempted using other methods including chemo-mechanical
methods, air abrasion, ultrasonic instrumentation, sono-abrasion, and laser.
Air abrasion is minimally invasive approach for cavity preparation
which produces less heat, sound, and vibration compared to conventional
methods leading to fairly pain free dental procedures.
Recently, Hydro-abrasion system is introduced, where the fluid acts as
a curtain to suppress powder emissions common with the traditional air
abrasion units, while simultaneously increasing cutting efficiency by
constantly removing debris created during cutting process.
The aim of this in-vivo study was to evaluate the effect of hydro
abrasion method (Aquacut Quattro air abrasion system) versus the
conventional drill method of cavity preparation on the clinical performance
of composite resin restoration over one year follow up period.
Materials and methods:
Twenty patients of both sexes with an average age between (18-25)
years; they were selected from clinic of Restorative Dentistry Department,
Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University to participate as volunteers in the present study. Each patient was examined with DIAGNOcam and ICDAS
visual criteria to select teeth having ICDAS code 3 (localized enamel
breakdown due to caries with no visible dentin or underlying shadow) and
code 4 (underlying dark shadow from dentin with or without localized
enamel breakdown).
A total of forty posterior teeth were used in this study. They were
randomly divided in two groups (n=20) according to the method of caries
removal. The carious lesions were removed by the conventional drill method
in group I and those of group II were removed by Aquacut Quattro air hydroabrasion
method. Cavities of both groups were self-etched by Adper Bond
and restored by Filtek Z350XT nanofilled composite resin following the
manufacturers’ instructions.
To evaluate patient anxiety and operative pain during cavity
preparation procedure, the patients were questioned according to the visual
analogue scale (VAS).
All restorations were evaluated after 24 hours (as base line data), after
9 and 12 months during which, two examiners were calibrated to evaluate
the restorations according to the modified United States Public Health
Service (USPHS) criteria for retention, marginal adaptation, postoperative
sensitivity, marginal discoloration, and secondary caries. Marginal seal of the
tested restorations was further examined under scanning electron microscope
using inverse replicas for confirming the recorded clinical findings regarding
marginal adaptation.