الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Globally, the tremendous urbanization process draws our attention to the challenges that cities face as a result of high population density, car-oriented systems, traffic congestions, and other challenges that have been associated with rapid urban development. Since ‘transportation and mobility’ is considered one of the most vital sectors supporting human activities and needs; the last two decades have witnessed a growing trend towards Transit Oriented Development (TOD). It is considered as a promising planning approach that aims to achieve sustainable development through maintaining the integration between land-use and transport systems. This development type can form sustainable communities as it stresses the importance of transit connectivity, proximity, mixing uses, and intensifying densities for that connection. The TOD often requires the existing transit to as well as the existing areas to have the potential to be transit-oriented. Thus, it is believed that measuring existing TOD levels ‘TOD-ness’ of an area quantitatively is critical to maintaining effective TOD planning. In this regard, this dissertation aims to formulate and implement a methodological framework that can quantitatively measures TOD levels in an area-wide context. This could help in the prioritization of development interventions to increase TOD levels based on existing potentials. In this study, the main focus is only on the spatial aspects for the re-development of existing bus stations or the establishment of new stations for the resulting hotspot locations. The applied part focuses on the potential application of the TOD concept on Alexandria city, Egypt by using several TOD-ness measurement indicators. It relies on a five-stage MCDM-GIS based method as a way to develop a spatial index for Alexandria city where TOD scores are identified, computed, mapped, and analyzed. The methodological framework employs combined models of GIS and Spatial Multi-Criteria Analysis (SMCA)- based, spatial statistical-based, and context-based models. The adopted models helped in obtaining a comprehensive value depicting the existing levels of TOD in an area-wide context via an index (potential TOD index). Using nine potential indicators, the scores of the potential TOD index are determined, which indicate the degree of suitability of Bus station areas as a potential TOD. The assessment of the study area shows that some areas are highly suitable for TOD and have great potential in terms of re development. The research recommends applying supportive development plans at those locations that have high TOD levels but poor transit connectivity. This research also supports looking at transit modes outside rail, specifically embracing TOD developed around bus transit modes, which may be cheaper to implement considering the extensive existing network in Alexandria.