الفهرس 
E MERGENCE C OUGHING F OLLOWING E NDOTRACHEAL I NTUBATIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Background: Emergence from anesthesia and extubation induces variant physiological responses including unwanted circulatory and airway reflexes resulting in hypercirculatory manifestations in the form of tachycardia and hypertension and cough, laryngospasm, and bronchospasm. These events may predispose or induce multiple complications either in the operative site or elsewhere in the body.
Aim of the Work: To explore various pharmacological perioperative techniques that can be used to achieve a smooth extubation while caring for an uncomplicated patient without significant risk factors for extubation failure.
Patients and Methods: Randomized sample for population who were admitted for lower abdominal surgery under general anesthesia with oral endotracheal intubation in Ain-Shams University Hospitals after Ethical Committee approval and starting from January 2021.
Results: There is clinical evidence to support the use of these drugs to attenuate hemodynamic shifts, sore, throat, excessive bucking and prolongation of time during extubation. Prolonged extubation times may slow the turnover of an operating room and subsequently may delay cases, cancel surgeries, and impact patient care. Dexmedetomidine is known to cause bradycardia and hypotension, which may be undesirable in patients with hemodynamic instability.
Conclusion: The quality of tracheal extubation was better in Dexmedetomidine, Lidocaine and Dexamethasone groups over P group with Dexmedetomidine group was the most favorable in patients requiring General anesthesia with endotracheal intubation for lower abdominal surgeries, without any adverse effects