الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Manzala Lake is the largest lake along the Egyptian Mediterranean coast,
the lake is a typical shallow lake that is considered a direct polluted area as
it receives variety sources of pollution of a high load of different polluted
wastewater, including industrial and agricultural waste. This caused the lake
to suffer from many problems and exposed to a lot of constraints and
challenges. About 7500 million cubic meters of untreated industrial,
domestic and agricultural drainage water, annually discharged to the lake
via six major drains. Due to the continuous discharge of this different
pollutant materials into the lake, dangerous hazards affect the environmental
situation and the ecosystems of the fishing life. This research aims to study
the status of the Lake in addition to assess the optimum solution from the
hydrodynamic and water quality point of view which has the most
significant effect to overcome the lake’s problems. A three-dimensional
hydrodynamic and water quality model using Delft3D software package,
developed by Deltares, Netherlands was used to simulate the hydrodynamic and water quality of the lake’s current situation, in addition to study and
evaluate different mitigation measures (model scenarios) to minimize the
deterioration of lake environment.
To successfully develop a predictive model that simulates different
discharge quality parameters in combination with the different physical
conditions of the receiving waters, two types of models (Regional Model
and Detailed Model) were developed by Delft3D. The Regional Model is a
two-dimensional model which simulates the tidal flow pattern in a larger
area of the Mediterranean coast of Egypt. The model was used to provide
the tide boundary conditions for the Detailed Model, which is a threedimensional model that is used to study the transport and dispersion
pollutants inside Manzala lake. The tidal constitutes of the water levels obtained from the Global Tidal Model (reference is made to Delft
dashboard) were obtained and used as a water level boundary for the model.
The 3D water quality model consists of the main water quality parameters
which are foreseen to be the main pollution indicators in the lake system.
The model aims to develop the temporal and spatial variations in the
concentrations of main parameters in the lake. The optimum solution to
minimize the pollution in the lake was proposed and increasing the rank of
lake water quality from very poor condition to good condition according to
water quality index calculations. Based on the above-mentioned results
further research is strongly recommended to study the ecological condition
of the lake after the implementation of the proposed remedy actions, this is
to evaluate the effect of the increase in water salinity inside the lake on the
fish production from both quality and quantity point of views.