الفهرس 
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Abstract
Fowl aviadenoviruses (FAdV) have gained increasing attention in Egypt and
worldwide nowadays, as they are the primary etiology of many widespread
diseases. Among these diseases, inclusion body hepatitis (IBH). Many outbreaks of
IBH have been recorded in the last few years across the country, causing
significant economic losses to the Egyptian poultry industry. The present study
was undertaken to detect FAdVs from field outbreaks of IBH in broiler chickens in
North Sinai province during the period from May 2016 till December 2017.
Affected birds adopt a crouching position with ruffled feathers, depression,
reduced feed intake, pale comb and facial skin. On necropsy, the most common
postmortem lesions were hydropericardium, yellowish enlarged liver with
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ecchymotic hemorrhages, pancreatitis, and enteritis. Histopathological examination
of liver samples collected at different stages of infection showed multifocal
necrosis, extensive congestion with inflammatory cellular infiltration. The
presence of intranuclear inclusion bodies (INIB) was variable among samples.
FAdV were detected in liver samples from eleven flocks out of the fourteen
examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) using
commercial kits with differences in viral load among samples. DNA samples from
four flocks that exhibited the highest viral loads were further amplified in
conventional PCR targeting hexon gene followed by sequencing of the specific
PCR products. Phylogenetic analysis based on sequencing of the hexon loop-1
gene showed that the four isolates (Sin-1, Sin-2, Sin-3, and Sin-4) were clustered
into serotype-2, FAdV-D species. The strains in this study are sharing 99.82%,
99.63%, 99.60, and 98.2% nucleotide identity with hexon loop-1 gene sequences
of FADV-2 (species D) of Israel, Japan, Egypt, and Canada, respectively. This
study provides epidemiological information that could be helpful in the
formulation of an effective prevention strategy.