الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
Sadat City is considered the oldest of the first generation cities affiliated to the New Urban Communities Authority. It started its construction at the beginning of its establishment in1979. There are activities for the development of the city that include residential, industrial and agricultural activities that depend on groundwater. Start operating previous activities in start-up stations. As well as a number of private wells for viewing purposes. The activities cause shortage of groundwater as a result of its excessive, unsystematic withdrawal.
The main objective of this study in the main pillar is to determine the sources and causes of groundwater degradation in terms of quality and quantity.
The study area is characterized by many residential, industrial and agricultural activities. A tremendous expansion has occurred in the past few years in all of these aforementioned activities and their potential impact on the groundwater in the study area.
To achieve this 35 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed in 2017 from productive water wells representing the study area. Physical and chemical analysis was performed for the collected water samples. These include the total dissolved salts (TDS), total hardness (TH), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, major anions (CO32-, HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-), and major cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+ ) , The concentration of nitrate, nitrite, ammonia ions, and trace elements, including iron, manganese, zinc, chromium, nickel, copper, cadmium, and lead were determined. These analyses were `carried out in the lab. Of Sadat City Authority to study the obtained groundwater pollution.
It was found from the elemental distribution of the groundwater samples that sodium was the predominant cation followed by calcium, magnesium, and then potassium (Na+> Ca2 +> Mg2+> K+ ) , and bicarbonate is the predominant anion, followed by chloride, sulfate, and nitrate (HCO3− > Cl− > SO2-4 > NO-3) the result show that cation exchange plays an essential role in groundwater evolution .
Also, by reviewing the results of the values of heavy elements, it was found that all values are within the limits approved by the World Health Organization, except for a very slight increase in the values of iron in three wells, as well as manganese in two wells only.
Also assessing and determining the water quality factor based on the Drinking Water Quality Index (DWQI) show that:
- The majority of samples fall in the class of good water type for drinking purpose (65.7%) wells no. (4,5,6,8,9,10,11,12,13,20, 22,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35)
Poor water are (20 %) from the samples wells No. (2, 3, 15, 16, 19, 21, 23)
Very poor water is (11.4 %) wells no. (1, 7, 17, 18 )
And Unsuitable water is (2.8 %) well no. (14)
The Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) shows that 74.3 % of samples are suitable for irrigation purposes and 25.7 % are moderately suitable for irrigation purposes.
This study also deals with assessing the validity of water for irrigation purposes according to (IWQI) indicators Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Sodium Percentage (Na%) , Kelly Ratio (KR) , Corrosivity Ratio (CR), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) , Potential Salinity (PS) and Soluble Sodium Percent (SSP) .
All values of these indicators are well suited for irrigation purposes.
Based on the results, the following recommendations should be put into consideration in future to prevent any negative impacts on groundwater quality and quantity.
Control the groundwater extraction by initialization of the well licensing system for the new drilled wells including drilling depth, screen depth, the ideal distance between wells, extraction rate and the extraction time
Regular monitoring program for groundwater levels, quality, extraction rates, rationalization of water use and minimizing losses.
In the area suffering from high groundwater extraction and high degree groundwater levels as in the Southern field and some wells in the northern field, groundwater extraction must decrease by applying legislation and lows to completely stop drilling and groundwater exploitation of many wells or decrease the extraction rates of all wells and prevent any further groundwater dependent development projects in this area. Expanding the establishment of surface water stations to preserve the groundwater storage of the city Any development plan in the study area must be regularly evaluated and updated to assess its effects.