الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Any uterine bleeding in a postmenopausal woman is referred to as PMB (other than the expected cyclic bleeding that occurs in women taking cyclic postmenopausal hormone therapy).
Endometrial carcinoma should be investigated in all postmenopausal women who have unexpected uterine bleeding, since this potentially fatal illness is the source of bleeding in around 10% of cases (range 1 to 25 percent, depending upon risk factors). However, atrophy of the vaginal mucosa or endometrium is the most prevalent cause of bleeding in these women. Endometrial hyperplasia, polyps, and submucosal fibroids are also prevalent etiologies in early menopause.
The benefit of USG, particularly TVS, is that it may be conducted with an empty bladder, making it more easy for the patient while also allowing for more accurate gynaecological diagnosis, particularly in obese women with a thick abdomen. In terms of providing information concerning myometrial, cervical, and maybe myometrial invasion of endometrial cancer, TVS is superior than CT and approaches MRI. TVS has been shown to be the best method for evaluating endometrial diseases, particularly abnormal uterine bleeding.
For postmenopausal women with vaginal bleeding, transvaginal ultrasonography is a cost-effective screening method. Ultras