الفهرس 
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Abstract
The objective of this work is the environmental and economic evaluation of the use of LNG as a fuel on bulk carrier vessels. This thesis is divided into six chapters: Chapter one, it gives a brief introduction to greenhouse gas emissions and emission requirements according to the IMO regulations, and also presents the emission control area around the world. Liquefied natural gas and its properties. The second chapter reviews LNG prices, then an overview of marine LNG-powered engines, as well as the characteristics of dual fuel (low pressure) engines, and finally, engine layout, LNG storage and safety systems. The third chapter reviews the classification of the liquefied natural gas tank and the characteristics of each type, for example, the membrane tanks and independent tanks that are divided into A, B and C. then the commercial rationale for LNG as a marine fuel after it has become widely recognized, as is the order book for LNG-fueled vessels in all sectors. As of May 1, 2018 according to DNV statistics as well as the number of LNG-ready vessels in service and in order books as of 2027 In Chapter 4, the case study and the carrier ship chosen in this study is (Wadi Safaga), which belongs to the National Shipping Company, which is the largest Egyptian shipping company specialized in shipping dry goods between the largest ports in the world. With a detailed presentation on the dimensions of the ship and the type of machine as well as the amount of fuel used, then it is transferred to the ’alternative natural gas machine with a simplified . presentation of its ,characteristics._ Then presents the environmental assessment of the conversion to use LNG as fuel compared to the diesel engine. It also shows the progress in analyzing the environmental damage and `presenting the damage costs per ton of pollutants emitted and then moves t6, the economic ’assessment explaining the operational costs of the dual-fuel engine compared, to the diesel engine as well as the costs of conversion and explanation The relati6nsitip. between the annual transfer cost and the expected` life of the ship’s expansion, for example, at 6% interest, the minimum working years for the recovery of the transfer cost is close to 8 years, as a result of this case. The fifth chapter is a summary of the research.