الفهرس 
REVIEW OF LITERATUREOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
SUMMARY
Our study reviewed management of different stages of infection of long-bones after intramedullary nail fixation, it’s so important to classify the stage upon time and localization of presented infection.
Most of stage 1 infection heal by simple methods, stage 2 is the commonest among the three stages may present with simple symptoms but we shouldn’t under estimate, it could lead to serious complications up to amputation. Many successful strategies (nail exchange, cemented coated nail, debridement and anti-biotic administration) used in management of stage 2 patients
Despite law number of patients presented with stage 3 infection, the remarkable sign of this stage is the presence of bone defect this make the nearly golden method for this stage is external fixator which allow to care with large defects without disturbing limb fixation.
CONCLUSION
The treatment of infection following IM nailing of longbone fractures remains challenging and the surgeon has to consider the most appropriate treatment option in order to achieve the best clinical results and minimize the risk of revision surgery. Prompt clinical examination and laboratory screening is mandatory for early diagnosis. The results available in literature are variable and only few prospective studies exist to report on the management of infection following Intramedullary nailing of long-bone fractures.
The goal of treatment for infection after IM nailing of the femur is to eradicate infection, achieve bone healing, and improve the functional result. The basic principles of treatment included debridement, fracture stabilization, soft tissue reconstruction, and systemic and/or local antibiotic treatment. Stable fixation of the fractures is essential for bone union.
RECOMMENDATIONS
We recommended more prospective randomized studies to directly compare different intervention in management of infection intramedullary nail and more studies to achieve standard classification for infection after intramedullary nail that will guide treatment protocols.