الفهرس 
NTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and beta vulgaris (beetroot) alone or in combination for improvement of kidney function of Cis- induced nephrotoxicity. Likewise, to evaluate the role of Br in increasing the efficacy of MSCs.
Sixty adult male rats (150-180 g), used during the experimental period of 6 weeks were divided into 6 groups:
group 1 (control): Rats received orally 0.9% saline for 6 weeks.
group 2 (Br): Rats received beetroot (500 mg/kg b.wt./day) for 6 weeks by oral intubation.
group 3 (Cis): Rats received cisplatin (7mg/kg b.wt.) intraperitoneally once a week for two weeks to induce nephrotoxicity.
group 4 (Cis+ Br): Nephrotoxic rats treated with beetroot (500 mg/kg b.wt./ day) for 4 weeks.
group 5 (Cis + MSCs): Nephrotoxic rats treated with a single intravenous injection of mesenchymal stem cells (1×106 cell in PBS).
group 6 (Cis+ MSCs + Br): Nephrotoxic rats treated with both mesenchymal stem cells and beetroot at the same manner and dosage as mentioned before.
All control and treated rats were weighed weekly and before scarification under ether anaethesia at the end of experiment. The mean final body weight was assessed. The blood samples were collected and centrifuged for biochemical analysis including creat, BUN, urea, and UA. Then the kidney specimens obtained from control and treated rats were homogenized and the supernatant was collected and stored at- 80 ͦ C for the assay of MDA, SOD, CAT, GSH, Bcl2, EGF and VEGF levels. The second kidney was prepared for histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical studies.
The results obtained from the present investigation can be summarized as follows:
The Cis group recorded a significant decrease in body weight compared with control and beetroot groups.
Treatment of Cis group with MSCs or/and Br showed significantly increased body weight.
Biochemical studies:
Cis administration showed a significant increase in creat, BUN, UA, urea, and MDA. While, SOD, GSH, CAT, Bcl2 and growth factor including EGF, and VEGF were significantly decreased when compared with control and Br groups.
The Cis followed by Br or MSCs showed slight to moderate improvement in biochemical parameters, respectively, whereas the Cis followed by both MSCs, and Br showed a significant improvement the previous mentioned parameters.
Histophathological studies:
Haematoxylin and Eosin:
The same histopathological findings were observed in the kidney of Br group when compared to the control.
Cis treated rats showed deleterious alterations in their kidney tissues, shrinkage of glomeruli, cellular necrotic lesions, which was evidenced by nuclear disintegration, increased eosinophilia of the cytoplasm, pyknotic nuclei, degenerated tubular structure with dilatation of tubular lumen and loss of tubular architecture.
The Cis followed by Br or MSCs revealed slight and moderate improvement of the degenerated kidney tissue, respectively.
The Cis treated with MSCs and Br showed better improvement than the noticed in the previous groups that showed reorganization and restoration of kidney tissue.
Histochemical studies:
Total protein:
The control and Br groups showed normal distribution of protein in the form of deeply blue colored materials.
The Cis administration decreased the total protein in the kidney tissue.
The Cis group treated with MSCs or/and Br showed improvement of protein in the kidney tissue.
Immunohistochemical studies:
Proliferation and apoptotic marker (PCNA and TUNEL):
Pale to negative expression of proliferation marker (PCNA) and apoptotic marker (TUNEL) were observed in the kidney of control and Br groups.
kidney specimens of Cis treated rats, showed marker expression of apoptotic cells (TUNEL) and few expressions of PCNA.
Br or MSCs administration showed mild to slight expression of TUNEL while, PCNA expression showed slight to moderate improvement, respectively.
Co- administration of MSCs and Br revealed marked and pale immune reactivity of PCNA and TUNEL, respectively.
Inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers (TNF-α and IL-10):
Negative to pale expression of inflammatory marker (TTNF-α) and anti-inflammatory marker (IL-10) were observed in the kidney of control and Br groups.
kidney specimens of Cis treated rats, showed marker expression of TNF-α and few expressions of IL-10.
Br or MSCs administration showed mild to slight expression of TNF-α while, IL-10 expression showed slight to moderate improvement, respectively.
Co- administration of MSCs and Br revealed pale and marked immune reactivity of TNF-α and IL-10, respectively.