الفهرس 
اثر تغطية التربة علي النمو الخضري ، المحصول وجودة الثمار لبعض أصناف الزيتون النامية في منطقة الكثبان الزملية في واحة سيوةOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This work was conducted for two consecutive years (2015, 2016) on five years old Olive trees (Olea europaea L.). The trees were planted in sandy soil in a private olive farm in
Khamisa, western Siwa, Matrouh governorate Egypt. The trees were spaced at 4 x 5 m. The system of drip irrigation and routine cultural practices (nutrition, pruning, disease control) were set up. The study was performed using 3 cultivars: Aggizy shami and Kalamata (table
olive), and Picual (double purpose; table and oil).
The present investigation aimed to study the effectiveness of using different mulching materials (shale, olive pomace and date palm leaves) in improving the growth and
productivity of some olive cvs., especially those orchards that planted in sand dunes region. Evaluating the effect of soil mulching materials on soil moisture content and efficacy of sand reservation were also undertaken.
Thirty six trees were selected as uniform as possible in growth, productivity and appearance for this study. The four treatments of soil management mulching were as follow:
1) Control (non- mulching), 2) Mulching with shale at 5cm thick, 3) Mulching with olive pomace at 5 cm thick and 4) Mulching with date palm leaves at 5-7 cm thick. The three mulching materials were laid under the trees along the row, with 1m width. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications (on tree per replicate). The four mulching treatments were allocated in the main plots, while the cultivars were assigned in the
sub-plots.
The results of this investigation could be summarized as follows:-
A. The effect of mulching materials on soil moisture, water stress,
growth and yield of some olive varieties:
Hot and dry climate during olive fruit development has a negative impact on the fruit quality and the number of falling fruits before they reach the full maturity. To better understand for the effect of such climate, some physiological parameters were recorded
including water stress and the midday stem water potential.
Generally from the data of both seasons of this experiment it can be noticed that:
The studied cultivars (Kalamata, Aggezi Shami and Picual) are differed in their vegetative growth and productivity. In this respect, the highest values of vegetative growth and yield component were noticed with Aggezi Shami. Moreover, there were
no significant differences of stem water stress in the three studied cvs., overall the studied periods in the two seasons.
All mulching materials markedly increased soil moisture content, decreased stem water stress and increased vegetative growth, flowering and total yield of olive trees
compared to control (no mulch).
Generally olive pomace proved superiority in enhancing water status, vegetative growth, yield and fruit characteristics of the studied olive cvs. Compared to shale and palm leaves.